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the facts are otherwise

1 otherwise

otherwise ['ʌðəwaɪz]

1 adverb

(a) (differently) autrement;

∎ I think otherwise (in a different way) je ne vois pas les choses de cette façon; (don't agree) je ne suis pas d'accord;

∎ she is otherwise engaged elle a d'autres engagements;

∎ we'll have to invite everyone, we can hardly do otherwise nous devrons inviter tout le monde, il nous serait difficile de faire autrement;

∎ except where otherwise stated (on form) sauf indication contraire

(b) (in other respects) autrement, à part cela; (in other circumstances) sinon, autrement;

∎ an otherwise excellent performance une interprétation par ailleurs excellente;

∎ it's a bit small, but otherwise it's a very nice house c'est un peu petit, mais à part cela, c'est une maison très agréable;

∎ the weather was bad, otherwise he might have stayed longer il faisait mauvais, sans cela ou sinon il aurait pu rester plus longtemps

(c) (in other words) autrement;

∎ Louis XIV, otherwise known as the Sun King Louis XIV, surnommé le Roi-Soleil

(d) (in contrast, opposition)

∎ through diplomatic channels or otherwise par voie diplomatique ou autre

2 conjunction

(or else) sinon, autrement;

∎ you'd better phone your father, otherwise he'll worry tu devrais appeler ton père, sinon il va s'inquiéter

3 adjective

autre;

∎ the facts are otherwise les faits sont autres

4 or otherwise adverb

∎ it is of no interest, financial or otherwise ça ne présente aucun intérêt, que ce soit financier ou autre;

∎ she appeared to have no feelings about it, jealous or otherwise elle ne semblait rien éprouver, que ce soit de la jalousie ou autre chose

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > otherwise
2 otherwise

adverb

1) (in every other way except this: She has a big nose but otherwise she is very good-looking.) aparte de eso, por lo demás

2) (doing, thinking etc something else: I am otherwise engaged this evening.) de otra manera, de manera distinta

otherwise¹ adv

1. aparte de eso

my leg hurts, but otherwise I'm fine me duele la pierna, pero aparte de eso estoy bien

2. de otra manera

we planned to stay one night, but things turned out otherwise planeamos quedarnos una noche, pero las cosas salieron de otra manera

otherwise² conj si no / de otra manera

take your umbrella, otherwise you'll get wet llévate el paraguas, si no, te mojarás

otherwise

tr['ʌðəwaɪz]

adverb

1 (differently) de otra manera, de manera distinta

■ she couldn't do otherwise no podía obrar de otra manera

■ except where otherwise stated excepto donde se indique lo contrario

2 (apart from that, in other respects) aparte de eso, por lo demás

■ but otherwise he's perfectly fine pero aparte de eso está perfectamente

conjunction

1 (if not) si no, de no ser así, de lo contrario

■ I must go, otherwise I'll be late me tengo que ir, si no, llegaré tarde

adjective

1 distinto,-a

■ the truth is otherwise la verdad es distinta

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to be otherwise engaged tener otro compromiso

otherwise ['ʌðər.waɪz] adv

1) differently: de otro modo, de manera distinta

he could not act otherwise: no pudo actuar de manera distinta

2) : eso aparte, por lo demás

I'm dizzy, but otherwise I'm fine: estoy mareado pero, por lo demás, estoy bien

3) or else: de lo contario, si no

do what I tell you, otherwise you'll be sorry: haz lo que te digo, de lo contario, te arrepentirás

otherwise adj

: diferente, distinto

the facts are otherwise: la realidad es diferente

otherwise

adj.

• diferente adj.

adv.

• de otra manera adv.

• otramente adv.

• por lo demás adv.

• si no adv.

conj.

• de lo contrario conj.

'ʌðərwaɪz, 'ʌðəwaɪz
adverb

1) ( if not) (as linker) si no

2) ( in other respects) por lo demás, aparte de eso

3)

a) ( in a different way)

he could not have done otherwise — no podía haber hecho otra cosa or (frml) obrado de otro modo

we all thought it was too dangerous, but she thought otherwise — todos pensamos que era demasiado peligroso, pero no así ella

they believe they are right and nothing will convince them otherwise — creen que están en lo cierto y nada los convencerá de lo contrario or de que no es así

unless otherwise agreed, payments... — a menos que se convenga otra cosa, los pagos...

b) (other, different)

there are many problems, legal and otherwise — hay muchos problemas, legales y de otro tipo

how can it be otherwise? — ¿cómo no va a ser así?

['ʌðǝwaɪz]
1.

CONJ (=if not) si no, de lo contrario

let's go with them, otherwise we shall have to walk — vámonos con ellos, si no or de lo contrario tendremos que ir a pie

of course I'm interested, I wouldn't be here otherwise — claro que me interesa, si no or de lo contrario no estaría aquí

2. ADV

1) (=another way, differently) de otra manera

it cannot be otherwise — frm no puede ser de otra manera

they may be arrested or otherwise persecuted — puede que los detengan o que los persigan de otra manera

• unless your doctor advises otherwise — a menos que el médico le recomiende otra cosa

• it's true, and nothing you can say will convince me otherwise — es verdad, y nada que puedas decir me convencerá de lo contrario

• she was otherwise engaged — frm or hum tenía otro compromiso

• Miller, otherwise known as Dusty — Miller, también conocido como Dusty

• until proven or proved otherwise — hasta que se demuestre lo contrario

• except where or unless otherwise stated — frm salvo indicación de lo contrario frm, a no ser que se indique lo contrario

• we had no reason to think otherwise — no teníamos motivo para creer otra cosa

2) (=in other respects) aparte de esto, por lo demás

it's an otherwise excellent piece of work — aparte de esto or por lo demás es un trabajo excelente

she was a little thinner, but otherwise unchanged — estaba un poco más delgada, pero aparte de eso or por lo demás seguía igual

3) (=in other circumstances) en otras circunstancias

people who might otherwise have died will live — gente que en otras circunstancias hubiera muerto, vivirá

it's more expensive than I would otherwise have bought — es más caro de lo que hubiera gastado normalmente

4) (=of another sort)

he would do it by any means, legal or otherwise — lo haría por todos los medios, legales o no

it may not be transmitted by any means, electronic or otherwise — está prohibida su transmisión por cualquier medio, ya sea electrónico o de otra clase

* * *
['ʌðərwaɪz, 'ʌðəwaɪz]
adverb

1) ( if not) (as linker) si no

2) ( in other respects) por lo demás, aparte de eso

3)

a) ( in a different way)

he could not have done otherwise — no podía haber hecho otra cosa or (frml) obrado de otro modo

we all thought it was too dangerous, but she thought otherwise — todos pensamos que era demasiado peligroso, pero no así ella

they believe they are right and nothing will convince them otherwise — creen que están en lo cierto y nada los convencerá de lo contrario or de que no es así

unless otherwise agreed, payments... — a menos que se convenga otra cosa, los pagos...

b) (other, different)

there are many problems, legal and otherwise — hay muchos problemas, legales y de otro tipo

how can it be otherwise? — ¿cómo no va a ser así?

English-spanish dictionary > otherwise
3 relación

f.

1 relation, association, relationship, connection.

2 relation, treatment, intercourse, dealing.

3 acquaintance, relation.

4 account, recitation, narration, recital.

5 report, recountal.

6 friendship.

7 relative, member of the family, relation.

* * *

relación

► nombre femenino

1 (correspondencia) relation, relationship

■ una relación amistosa a friendship, a friendly relationship

2 (conexión) link, connection

3 (lista) list, record

4 (relato) account, telling

5 (en matemática) ratio

► nombre femenino plural relaciones

1 (conocidos) acquaintances; (contactos) contacts, connections

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

con relación a / en relación a with regard to, regarding

estar en buenas relaciones con alguien to be on good terms with somebody

estar en relación con alguien to be in contact with somebody

hacer relación a algo to refer to something

tener buenas relaciones to be well connected

tener relaciones con alguien (salir) to go out with somebody

relación de compresión TÉCNICA compression ratio

relaciones diplomáticas diplomatic relations

relaciones públicas public relations

■ es el relaciones públicas de Enya he's Enya's PR man

relaciones sexuales sexual relations

* * *

noun f.

1) relation

2) relationship

3) account

4) connection

5) liaison

•

- relaciones públicas
- relación sexual
* * *

SF

1) (=vínculo) connection

no existe ninguna relación entre los dos accidentes — there is no connection between the two accidents

existe una relación entre el tabaco y el cáncer — there is a connection o relation o relationship between cigarettes and cancer

• guardar o tener relación con algo — [suceso] to be connected with sth, be related to sth; [persona] to be connected with sth

no guardar relación (alguna) con algo — (=no parecerse) to bear no relation (whatsoever) to sth; (=no estar relacionado) to have no connection o relation (at all) with sth

relación calidad/precio — value for money

tener buena relación calidad/precio — to be good value for money

relación causa-efecto — cause and effect relationship

relación real de intercambio — terms of trade pl

2)

• con relación a, en relación a o con — (=comparado con) compared to, compared with; (=en lo referente a) with regard to, in connection with

un aumento del 3% con relación al año anterior — an increase of 3% over o compared to o compared with the previous year

con relación a la encuesta publicada por este periódico — with regard to o in connection with the survey published by this newspaper

fue interrogado en relación con el secuestro — he was questioned in connection with the kidnapping

3) (=entre personas)

a) [en el momento presente] relations pl

¿cómo es su relación o son sus relaciones con su jefe? — how are relations between you and your boss?

• estar en o mantener buenas relaciones con — [+ persona] to be on good terms with; [+ organización] to have good relations with

• romper las relaciones con — [+ país, organización] to break off relations with; [+ familiar, amigo] to break off all contact with

b) [de larga duración] relationship

¿cómo eran las relaciones con su padre? — what was your relationship with your father like?

tenía una relación de amistad con algunos de sus alumnos — he had a friendly relationship with some of his students

¿sigues manteniendo las relaciones con tus antiguos compañeros de universidad? — do you still keep in touch with people from your university days?

relaciones humanas — human relations

4) [con empresa, organización] connection

¿tiene alguna relación con esa empresa? — do you have any connection with that company?

ha sido detenido por sus relaciones con la Mafia — he has been arrested because of his connections with the Mafia

relaciones comerciales — trade relations

relaciones diplomáticas — diplomatic relations

relaciones empresariales — business relations

relaciones laborales — labour relations, labor relations (EEUU)

relaciones públicas — (=actividad) public relations, PR; (=profesional) public relations officer, PR officer

5) (tb: relación amorosa) relationship

nuestra relación duró hasta 1997 — our relationship lasted until 1997

no veían con buenos ojos sus relaciones con una extranjera — they did not view his relationship with a foreign woman favourably

tu relación de pareja — your relationship with your partner

llevan varios meses de relaciones — they've been seeing each other for some months

tienen una relación formal desde hace un año — they've been formally going out for a year

relación sentimental — relationship

6) (tb: relación sexual) (=acto) sex; (=trato) sexual relationship

mantener o tener relaciones sexuales con algn — [de forma esporádica] to have sex with sb; [de forma continuada] to be in a sexual relationship with sb

relaciones carnales — carnal relations

relaciones extramatrimoniales — extra-marital relationships

relaciones ilícitas — illicit sexual relations

relaciones prematrimoniales — premarital sex, sex before marriage

7) (=referencia)

• hacer relación a algo — to refer to sth

no hizo relación a ese tema — she did not refer to that subject

8) pl relaciones (=personas conocidas) acquaintances; (=enchufes) contacts, connections

tener (buenas) relaciones — to be well connected, have good contacts o connections

9) (Mat) (=proporción) ratio

los superan numéricamente en una relación 46-36% — they outnumber them by a ratio of 46-36%

relación de compresión — compression ratio

10) frm (=narración) account

• hacer una relación de algo — to give an account of sth

hizo una relación detallada de lo que vio — she gave a detailed account of what she saw

11) (=lista) list

la relación de aprobados se publicará en marzo — the list of those who have passed will be issued in March

el usuario dispone, junto a la factura telefónica, de una relación de sus llamadas — the customer receives, together with the telephone bill, a breakdown of calls made

12) (Jur) (=informe) record, (official) return

* * *

femenino

1)

a) ( conexión) connection

con relación a or en relación con — ( con respecto a) in connection with; ( en comparación con) relative to

en relación con su carta... — with regard to o regarding your letter...

b) ( correspondencia)

en una relación de diez a uno — (Mat) in a ratio of ten to one

tiene una excelente relación calidad-precio — it is excellent value for money

una relación causa-efecto — a relationship of cause and effect

2)

a) ( trato)

tienen una buena relación — they have a good relationship

relaciones sexuales — sexual relations

relaciones prematrimoniales — premarital sex

tener relaciones amorosas con alguien — to have an affair with somebody

estoy en buenas relaciones con él — I'm on good terms with him

relaciones diplomáticas/comerciales — diplomatic/trade relations

es nulo en lo que respecta a las relaciones humanas — he's hopeless when it comes to dealing with people

las relaciones entre padres e hijos — the relationship between parents and their children

b) relaciones femenino plural ( influencias) contacts (pl), connections (pl)

- relaciones públicas

3)

a) ( exposición) account

hizo una detallada relación de los hechos — she gave a detailed account of the facts

b) ( lista) list

* * *

= association, chaining, connection [connexion], connectivity, dealing, interaction, interplay, involvement, link, ratio, relation, relationship, relationship link, relatedness, alliance, liaison, exposure, tie, tie-up.

Ex. It is possible and convenient to select a viewpoint on the scope, associations and labels for subjects which coincides with the way in which subjects are handled in the literature.

Ex. The information seeking patterns of a variety of academic social scientists were broken down into 6 characteristics: starting; chaining; browsing; differentiating; monitoring; and extracting.

Ex. Access is via modified television set, a telephone (and its connections) and a simple keypad.

Ex. An information system architecture defines a structure for describing communications connectivity between users of information and sources of information.

Ex. The most serious problem for librarians in their dealings with media materials is the massive multiplication of formats, making it difficult for librarians to decide what to buy in what format.

Ex. One trend for the future is likely to be the development of hosts which are designed for interaction with the end user.

Ex. In the case of the book, it is the interplay of such multifarious trends that will determine its destiny.

Ex. Clearly, anyone having any dealings at all with the CAP needs a general understanding of how the system works, at a level which is appropriate to their involvement.

Ex. Explanatory references give a little more explanation as to why the link between two names is being made in the catalogue or index.

Ex. The microfiche is a common form for catalogues and indexes, usually 208 or 270 frames per fiche, in a piece of film and with a reduction ratio of 42 or 48:1.

Ex. The catalogue often forms the basis for co-operation and good relations between the libraries in a region.

Ex. Related works are separately catalogued works that have a relationship to another work.

Ex. The bibliographic record for the volume is also a monographic record, but with a series entry and a relationship link to the bibliographic record for the series as a whole.

Ex. The frequency of co-occurrence of articles from different subfields in selected periodicals is used for measuring the degree of relatedness between these subfields.

Ex. This type of alliance is already evident in countries like Thailand, where library science students and educators have been actively involved in writing and illustrating children's books.

Ex. It is important to make sure that there is close liaison between the cataloguing department and the order department, otherwise cards are liable to be ordered twice or in insufficient quantity to meet the total demand.

Ex. This article also examines the need for exposure to AI by all students in order to become familiar with capabilities and limitations of AI-based systems.

Ex. Eastern European countries longing for western scientific ties have wanted to participate in the Internet for a long time, but were excluded by government regulations.

Ex. The report of findings may consist simply of a few pages, or be a trends and proposals report, or may suggest tie-ups with other groups.

----

* beneficios en relación con la inversión = return on investment (ROI).

* bloque funcional de relaciones entre registros = linking entry block.

* buena relación calidad-precio = value for money.

* buscar el origen de la relación entre = trace + the relationship between.

* campaña de relaciones públicas = public relations campaign.

* campo de relación = linking field.

* con relación a = as regards, re, in relation to, in connection with, regarding, concerning.

* crear relaciones = structure + relationships.

* definir relaciones = structure + relationships.

* de segunda importancia en relación con = secondary to.

* diagrama de relaciones = relationship display.

* encargado de relaciones públicas = public liaison.

* en relación a = as for.

* en relación con = in association with, in conjunction with, in connection with, in relation to, in respect of, in terms of, in the way of, relating to, relative to, vis à vis, with reference to, with regard(s) to, apropos of, as it relates to, in the context of, on the matter of, re, regarding, apropos to, in reference to, concerning, in keeping with.

* en relación proporcional con = in proportion to.

* entablar relaciones = enter into + relations, enter into + relationships, build + relationships, develop + relationships, develop + relations, build + relations.

* entablar relaciones comerciales = transact.

* entablar relaciones con = forge + links with, forge + relationships with, forge + ties.

* establecer relaciones = build + relationships, develop + relationships, develop + relations, build + relations, structure + relationships.

* establecer relaciones con = forge + links with, forge + relationships with, forge + ties.

* estrechar la relación = strengthen + links.

* estropear una relación = poison + a relationship.

* fortalecer la relación = strengthen + links.

* ganancias en relación con la inversión = return on investment (ROI).

* grado de relación = relatedness measure.

* guardar relación con = bear + relation to, stand in + relation to, stand in + relationship to, bear + relationship to, be commensurate with.

* guardar una relación directamente proporcional = vary + proportionately.

* guardar una relación inversamente proporcional = vary + inversely.

* hacer una relación de = list.

* indicador de relación = relation indicator, relational operator, role operator.

* ley de relación exponencial inversa al cuadrado = inverse square law.

* ley de relación exponencial inversa al cubo = inverse cube law.

* mantener relaciones = maintain + contact, maintain + relationships, maintain + relations.

* mantener relaciones comerciales = do + business.

* mantener una relación con = carry on + relationship with.

* mejor relación calidad-precio, la = best value for money, the.

* negar tener relación con = disclaim + connection with.

* no guardar relación con = be incommensurate with.

* número de relación = linking number.

* operador de relación = link, relational operator, linking device.

* persona encargada de las relaciones públicas = PR man [PR men, -pl.].

* poner en relación = bring into + relationship.

* que guarde relación con = in keeping with.

* relación "es un tipo de" = is-a relationship.

* relación afín = affinitive relationship.

* relación amorosa = love affair.

* relación ascendente = upward reference.

* relación asociativa = associative relation, collateral link, collateral reference.

* relación calidad-precio = price-performance ratio.

* relación causa-efecto = cause-effect relation, causal relationship.

* relación clase-tipo = type-token ratio.

* relación comparativa = comparative relation.

* relación consecutiva = consecutive relation.

* relación contractual = contractual relationship.

* relación coordinada = coordinate relation.

* relación costes-beneficios = cost-benefit ratio.

* relación costos-beneficios = cost-benefit ratio.

* relación de aplicación = bias relation.

* relación de confianza = trusting relationship.

* relación de contenido = contents notes.

* relación de equivalencia = equivalence relationship.

* relación de inclusión = part-whole relation.

* relación de poder = power relationship.

* relación de preferencia = preferential relation, preferential relationship.

* relación descendente = downward reference.

* relación de trabajo = working relation, working relationship, work relationship, work relation.

* relación directa = direct relationship, linear relationship, linear relation.

* relación directamente proporcional significativa = significant direct relationship.

* relación directa significativa = significant direct relationship.

* relación entre compañeros = peer interaction.

* relación entre cuasisinónimos = near-synonymous relationship.

* relaciones = intercourse.

* relaciones comerciales = business dealings, commercial relations, trade relations.

* relaciones de género = gender relations.

* relaciones de poder = power relations.

* relaciones diplomáticas = diplomatic relations.

* relaciones entre hombres y mujeres = gender relations.

* relaciones humanas = human relations, human relationships.

* relaciones industriales = industrial relations.

* relaciones jerárquicas = role relationships.

* relaciones laborales = labour relations, employment relations.

* relación específica = downward reference.

* relaciones prematrimoniales = premarital sex.

* relaciones públicas = public relations (PR), PR activities, public relations exercise, public liaison.

* relaciones sexuales = sexual intercourse, intercourse.

* relaciones sexuales promiscuas = casual sex(ual) encounters, casual sex.

* relaciones sociales = social relations.

* relación estrecha = close contact.

* relación formal = formal relation.

* relación genérica = generic relation, generic relationship, upwards link, upward reference.

* relación género/especie = genus/species relationship.

* relación internacional = international relation.

* relación interracial = interracial relationship.

* relación inversa = inverse relationship.

* relación inversamente proporcional significativa = inverse relationship, significant inverse relationship.

* relación inversa significativa = significant inverse relationship.

* relación jerárquica = hierarchical relation, hierarchical relationship.

* relación laboral = working relation, working relationship, work relationship, work relation.

* relación negativa = negative relationship.

* relación parte-todo = whole/part relationship, whole-part relationship.

* relación positiva = positive relationship.

* relación semántica = semantic relation, semantic relationship.

* relación sexual = sexual relationship.

* relación sexual sin protección = unprotected sex.

* relación simbiótica = symbiotic relationship.

* relación sintáctica = syntactic relation, syntactic relationship, syntactical relationship.

* relativo a la relación costos-beneficios = cost-benefit, cost-benefit.

* romper una relación = break off + relationship, sever + connection.

* sin relación = unrelated, unconnected.

* sin relación con = unrelated to.

* sociología de las relaciones industriales = industrial sociology, sociology of industrial relations.

* tener relación con = have + bearing on.

* tener relaciones amorosas = have + an affair.

* tener relaciones con = have + dealings with.

* tener relaciones sexuales con = have + intercourse with.

* * *

femenino

1)

a) ( conexión) connection

con relación a or en relación con — ( con respecto a) in connection with; ( en comparación con) relative to

en relación con su carta... — with regard to o regarding your letter...

b) ( correspondencia)

en una relación de diez a uno — (Mat) in a ratio of ten to one

tiene una excelente relación calidad-precio — it is excellent value for money

una relación causa-efecto — a relationship of cause and effect

2)

a) ( trato)

tienen una buena relación — they have a good relationship

relaciones sexuales — sexual relations

relaciones prematrimoniales — premarital sex

tener relaciones amorosas con alguien — to have an affair with somebody

estoy en buenas relaciones con él — I'm on good terms with him

relaciones diplomáticas/comerciales — diplomatic/trade relations

es nulo en lo que respecta a las relaciones humanas — he's hopeless when it comes to dealing with people

las relaciones entre padres e hijos — the relationship between parents and their children

b) relaciones femenino plural ( influencias) contacts (pl), connections (pl)

- relaciones públicas

3)

a) ( exposición) account

hizo una detallada relación de los hechos — she gave a detailed account of the facts

b) ( lista) list

* * *

= association, chaining, connection [connexion], connectivity, dealing, interaction, interplay, involvement, link, ratio, relation, relationship, relationship link, relatedness, alliance, liaison, exposure, tie, tie-up.

Ex: It is possible and convenient to select a viewpoint on the scope, associations and labels for subjects which coincides with the way in which subjects are handled in the literature.

Ex: The information seeking patterns of a variety of academic social scientists were broken down into 6 characteristics: starting; chaining; browsing; differentiating; monitoring; and extracting.

Ex: Access is via modified television set, a telephone (and its connections) and a simple keypad.

Ex: An information system architecture defines a structure for describing communications connectivity between users of information and sources of information.

Ex: The most serious problem for librarians in their dealings with media materials is the massive multiplication of formats, making it difficult for librarians to decide what to buy in what format.

Ex: One trend for the future is likely to be the development of hosts which are designed for interaction with the end user.

Ex: In the case of the book, it is the interplay of such multifarious trends that will determine its destiny.

Ex: Clearly, anyone having any dealings at all with the CAP needs a general understanding of how the system works, at a level which is appropriate to their involvement.

Ex: Explanatory references give a little more explanation as to why the link between two names is being made in the catalogue or index.

Ex: The microfiche is a common form for catalogues and indexes, usually 208 or 270 frames per fiche, in a piece of film and with a reduction ratio of 42 or 48:1.

Ex: The catalogue often forms the basis for co-operation and good relations between the libraries in a region.

Ex: Related works are separately catalogued works that have a relationship to another work.

Ex: The bibliographic record for the volume is also a monographic record, but with a series entry and a relationship link to the bibliographic record for the series as a whole.

Ex: The frequency of co-occurrence of articles from different subfields in selected periodicals is used for measuring the degree of relatedness between these subfields.

Ex: This type of alliance is already evident in countries like Thailand, where library science students and educators have been actively involved in writing and illustrating children's books.

Ex: It is important to make sure that there is close liaison between the cataloguing department and the order department, otherwise cards are liable to be ordered twice or in insufficient quantity to meet the total demand.

Ex: This article also examines the need for exposure to AI by all students in order to become familiar with capabilities and limitations of AI-based systems.

Ex: Eastern European countries longing for western scientific ties have wanted to participate in the Internet for a long time, but were excluded by government regulations.

Ex: The report of findings may consist simply of a few pages, or be a trends and proposals report, or may suggest tie-ups with other groups.

* beneficios en relación con la inversión = return on investment (ROI).

* bloque funcional de relaciones entre registros = linking entry block.

* buena relación calidad-precio = value for money.

* buscar el origen de la relación entre = trace + the relationship between.

* campaña de relaciones públicas = public relations campaign.

* campo de relación = linking field.

* con relación a = as regards, re, in relation to, in connection with, regarding, concerning.

* crear relaciones = structure + relationships.

* definir relaciones = structure + relationships.

* de segunda importancia en relación con = secondary to.

* diagrama de relaciones = relationship display.

* encargado de relaciones públicas = public liaison.

* en relación a = as for.

* en relación con = in association with, in conjunction with, in connection with, in relation to, in respect of, in terms of, in the way of, relating to, relative to, vis à vis, with reference to, with regard(s) to, apropos of, as it relates to, in the context of, on the matter of, re, regarding, apropos to, in reference to, concerning, in keeping with.

* en relación proporcional con = in proportion to.

* entablar relaciones = enter into + relations, enter into + relationships, build + relationships, develop + relationships, develop + relations, build + relations.

* entablar relaciones comerciales = transact.

* entablar relaciones con = forge + links with, forge + relationships with, forge + ties.

* establecer relaciones = build + relationships, develop + relationships, develop + relations, build + relations, structure + relationships.

* establecer relaciones con = forge + links with, forge + relationships with, forge + ties.

* estrechar la relación = strengthen + links.

* estropear una relación = poison + a relationship.

* fortalecer la relación = strengthen + links.

* ganancias en relación con la inversión = return on investment (ROI).

* grado de relación = relatedness measure.

* guardar relación con = bear + relation to, stand in + relation to, stand in + relationship to, bear + relationship to, be commensurate with.

* guardar una relación directamente proporcional = vary + proportionately.

* guardar una relación inversamente proporcional = vary + inversely.

* hacer una relación de = list.

* indicador de relación = relation indicator, relational operator, role operator.

* ley de relación exponencial inversa al cuadrado = inverse square law.

* ley de relación exponencial inversa al cubo = inverse cube law.

* mantener relaciones = maintain + contact, maintain + relationships, maintain + relations.

* mantener relaciones comerciales = do + business.

* mantener una relación con = carry on + relationship with.

* mejor relación calidad-precio, la = best value for money, the.

* negar tener relación con = disclaim + connection with.

* no guardar relación con = be incommensurate with.

* número de relación = linking number.

* operador de relación = link, relational operator, linking device.

* persona encargada de las relaciones públicas = PR man [PR men, -pl.].

* poner en relación = bring into + relationship.

* que guarde relación con = in keeping with.

* relación "es un tipo de" = is-a relationship.

* relación afín = affinitive relationship.

* relación amorosa = love affair.

* relación ascendente = upward reference.

* relación asociativa = associative relation, collateral link, collateral reference.

* relación calidad-precio = price-performance ratio.

* relación causa-efecto = cause-effect relation, causal relationship.

* relación clase-tipo = type-token ratio.

* relación comparativa = comparative relation.

* relación consecutiva = consecutive relation.

* relación contractual = contractual relationship.

* relación coordinada = coordinate relation.

* relación costes-beneficios = cost-benefit ratio.

* relación costos-beneficios = cost-benefit ratio.

* relación de aplicación = bias relation.

* relación de confianza = trusting relationship.

* relación de contenido = contents notes.

* relación de equivalencia = equivalence relationship.

* relación de inclusión = part-whole relation.

* relación de poder = power relationship.

* relación de preferencia = preferential relation, preferential relationship.

* relación descendente = downward reference.

* relación de trabajo = working relation, working relationship, work relationship, work relation.

* relación directa = direct relationship, linear relationship, linear relation.

* relación directamente proporcional significativa = significant direct relationship.

* relación directa significativa = significant direct relationship.

* relación entre compañeros = peer interaction.

* relación entre cuasisinónimos = near-synonymous relationship.

* relaciones = intercourse.

* relaciones comerciales = business dealings, commercial relations, trade relations.

* relaciones de género = gender relations.

* relaciones de poder = power relations.

* relaciones diplomáticas = diplomatic relations.

* relaciones entre hombres y mujeres = gender relations.

* relaciones humanas = human relations, human relationships.

* relaciones industriales = industrial relations.

* relaciones jerárquicas = role relationships.

* relaciones laborales = labour relations, employment relations.

* relación específica = downward reference.

* relaciones prematrimoniales = premarital sex.

* relaciones públicas = public relations (PR), PR activities, public relations exercise, public liaison.

* relaciones sexuales = sexual intercourse, intercourse.

* relaciones sexuales promiscuas = casual sex(ual) encounters, casual sex.

* relaciones sociales = social relations.

* relación estrecha = close contact.

* relación formal = formal relation.

* relación genérica = generic relation, generic relationship, upwards link, upward reference.

* relación género/especie = genus/species relationship.

* relación internacional = international relation.

* relación interracial = interracial relationship.

* relación inversa = inverse relationship.

* relación inversamente proporcional significativa = inverse relationship, significant inverse relationship.

* relación inversa significativa = significant inverse relationship.

* relación jerárquica = hierarchical relation, hierarchical relationship.

* relación laboral = working relation, working relationship, work relationship, work relation.

* relación negativa = negative relationship.

* relación parte-todo = whole/part relationship, whole-part relationship.

* relación positiva = positive relationship.

* relación semántica = semantic relation, semantic relationship.

* relación sexual = sexual relationship.

* relación sexual sin protección = unprotected sex.

* relación simbiótica = symbiotic relationship.

* relación sintáctica = syntactic relation, syntactic relationship, syntactical relationship.

* relativo a la relación costos-beneficios = cost-benefit, cost-benefit.

* romper una relación = break off + relationship, sever + connection.

* sin relación = unrelated, unconnected.

* sin relación con = unrelated to.

* sociología de las relaciones industriales = industrial sociology, sociology of industrial relations.

* tener relación con = have + bearing on.

* tener relaciones amorosas = have + an affair.

* tener relaciones con = have + dealings with.

* tener relaciones sexuales con = have + intercourse with.

* * *

relación

feminine

A

1 (conexión) connection

esto no tiene or no guarda ninguna relación con los hechos this has no connection with o bears no relation to the facts

existe una relación entre los dos sucesos there is a connection o link between the two events

con relación a or en relación con (con respecto a) in connection with; (en comparación con) relative to

en relación con su carta de fecha … in connection with o with regard to your letter dated …

hubo un descenso con relación al año anterior there was a decrease relative to the previous year

2

(correspondencia): en una relación de diez a uno ( Mat) in a ratio of ten to one

tiene una excelente relación calidad-precio it is excellent value for money

una relación causa-efecto a relationship of cause and effect

Compuesto:

relación de equivalencia

equivalence relation

B

1

(trato): ha establecido una buena relación con él she has built up a good relationship with him

relaciones amistosas/sexuales friendly/sexual relations

relaciones prematrimoniales premarital sex

tuvo relaciones amorosas con una famosa actriz he had an affair with a famous actress

mantienen relaciones formales desde hace años they have been courting for years

siempre ha tenido muy buenas relaciones con su jefe she has always had o enjoyed a very good relationship with her boss

ahora estoy en buenas relaciones con él I'm on good terms with him now

relaciones comerciales trading o trade relations

han roto las relaciones diplomáticas they have broken off diplomatic relations

es nulo en lo que respecta a las relaciones humanas he's hopeless when it comes to dealing with people o when it comes to the human side of things

las relaciones entre padres e hijos the relationship between parents and their children

2 relaciones fpl (influencias) contacts (pl), connections (pl)

tiene buenas relaciones en la empresa he has some good contacts o connections in the company

Compuestos:

● relaciones exteriores

fpl foreign affairs (pl)

● relaciones públicas

A fpl (actividad) public relations (pl)

B masculine and feminine (persona) public relations officer ( o executive etc)

C

1 (exposición) account

hizo una detallada relación de los hechos she gave a detailed account of the facts

2 (lista) list

* * *

relación sustantivo femenino
1
a) ( conexión) connection;

con relación a or en relación con ( con respecto a) in connection with;
( en comparación con) relative to;
◊ en relación con su carta … with regard to o regarding your letter …

b) ( correspondencia):

◊ en una relación de diez a uno (Mat) in a ratio of ten to one;

una relación causa-efecto a relationship of cause and effect
2
a) ( entre personas) relationship;

◊ las relaciones entre padres e hijos the relationship between parents and their children;

estoy en buenas relaciones con él I'm on good terms with him
b)

◊ relaciones sustantivo femenino plural ( influencias) contacts (pl), connections (pl);

(trato comercial, diplomático) relations (pl);
( trato carnal) sex;
◊ relaciones exteriores foreign affairs;

relaciones prematrimoniales premarital sex;
relaciones públicas ( actividad) public relations (pl);

( persona) public relations officer;
(de cantante, artista) PR;
◊ relaciones sexuales sexual relations

3
a) ( exposición) account

b) ( lista) list

relación sustantivo femenino
1 (entre personas) relationship: no tengo relación alguna con ellos, I don't maintain any form of contact with them
estar en buenas relaciones con alguien, to be on good terms with sb
tener relaciones influyentes, to have good contacts
2 (entre ideas o cosas) connection, relation
con relación a su pregunta, regarding your question
3 (de nombres, elementos, etc) list
4 (de un hecho o situación) account: la relación de los hechos es algo confusa, the description of the facts is somewhat confusing
5 Mat ratio, proportion
6 relaciones públicas, (actividad) public relations
(persona) public relations officer
' relación' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ajena
- ajeno
- causa
- cimentar
- comercio
- con
- consonancia
- cortar
- definitivamente
- desconectarse
- enlace
- enrarecerse
- entrañable
- escarceo
- extramatrimonial
- hermandad
- intimidad
- laboral
- lazo
- murmuración
- paréntesis
- proporción
- regañar
- relucir
- rencilla
- romperse
- salir
- sexo
- tambalearse
- tempestuosa
- tempestuoso
- tirantez
- trabajada
- trabajado
- tratar
- tratarse
- trato
- ver
- vendedor
- vendedora
- asfixiante
- asunto
- aventura
- clandestino
- comunicación
- conexión
- conocer
- consolidar
- correspondencia
- desgastar
English:
association
- bearing
- blossom
- breakup
- bust up
- close
- commensurate
- connect
- connected
- connection
- damage
- fall apart
- intimate
- involvement
- liaison
- money
- of
- pertinent
- record
- relation
- relationship
- rob
- stormy
- strain
- strained
- strengthen
- terminate
- to
- two-timer
- unrelated
- value
- walk out
- acquaintance
- disclaim
- further
- involve
- irrelevant
- obviously
- put
- rapport
- re
- reference
- regard
- relevance
- unconnected

* * *

relación

♦ nf

1. [nexo] relation, connection;

con relación a, en relación con in relation to, with regard to;

no hay ninguna relación entre los dos secuestros the two kidnappings are unrelated o unconnected;

guardar relación con algo to be related to sth;

no guardar relación con algo to bear no relation to sth;

Comp
relación calidad-precio value for money;
relación costo-beneficio o Esp coste-beneficio cost-benefit ratio

2. [comunicación, trato] relations, relationship;

mantener relaciones con alguien to keep in touch with sb;

tener o [m5] mantener buenas relaciones con alguien to be on good terms with sb

Comp
relaciones comerciales [vínculos] business links; [comercio] trade;
relaciones diplomáticas diplomatic relations;

han roto las relaciones diplomáticas they have broken off diplomatic relations;

relaciones internacionales international relations;

relaciones laborales industrial relations;

relación de pareja: [m5] los problemas de las relaciones de pareja relationship problems;

dice que no necesita de la relación de pareja she says she doesn't need to be in a relationship with anybody;

relaciones de parentesco kinship;

relaciones personales personal relationships;

relaciones públicas [actividad] public relations, PR

3. [lista] list

4. [descripción] account

5. [informe] report

6.
relaciones [noviazgo] relationship;

llevan cinco años de relaciones they've been going out together for five years;

un cursillo sobre las relaciones de pareja a course on being in a relationship;

relaciones prematrimoniales premarital sex;

mantener relaciones prematrimoniales to have premarital sex;

relaciones sexuales sexual relations

7.
relaciones [contactos] contacts, connections;

tener buenas relaciones to be well connected

8. Mat ratio

♦ nmf inv
relaciones públicas [persona] public relations officer, PR officer
* * *

relación

f

1 relationship;

la relación calidad-precio es muy buena it’s good value for money;

relación causa-efecto cause and effect relationship;

mantener relaciones (amorosas) con alguien have an affair with s.o.

2 ( conexión) relation;

no guardar relación con bear no relation to;

con o

en relación a with o in relation to

* * *

relación nf, pl - ciones

1) : relation, connection, relevance

2) : relationship

3) relato: account

4) lista: list

5)

con relación a or

en relación con : in relation to, concerning

6)

relacionespúblicas : public relations

* * *

relación n

1. (trato) relationship

tengo una buena relación con mis padres I've got a good relationship with my parents

mantienen una relación amistosa they are friends

2. (correspondencia, unión) connection

no sé qué relación hay entre estos hechos I don't know what the connection is between these events

con relación a / en relación con with regard to / in relation to

relaciones públicas public relations

Spanish-English dictionary > relación
4 غير

غَيْر \ another: a different one: We’ll go there another time. If this hat does not fit, try another. besides: as well as: I have two brothers besides John.. other: (in comparisons) different: He likes French cigarettes and won’t smoke any other kind. This side is dry; the other side is wet. I can’t do it now; I have other things to do. short of: less than; other than: Nothing short of a new government will save the country. un-: giving an opposite sense: ‘Unlikely’ means ‘not likely’. \ See Also آخر (آخَر)‏ \ غَيْرُ أَجْوَف \ solid: not hollow: without holes: a solid rubber ball. \ See Also صلب (صُلْب)‏ \ غَيْرُ أَكيد \ faint: (of thoughts and feelings) weak; uncertain: I haven’t the faintest idea where she is. uncertain: not certain doubtful; undecided; changeable: I’m uncertain what time he’s coming. Our holiday plans are still uncertain, we haven’t decided where to go. The weather is uncertain - it may rain soon. \ See Also ضعيف (ضَعِيف)، غير مؤكّد \ غَيْرُ أمْلَس \ rough: not smooth: a rough road; a rough surface. \ غَيْرُ آمن \ insecure: not safe; not supported or able to support other things: Be careful of that door - the lock is very insecure. \ غَيْرُ أُمِّيّ \ literate: able to read and write. \ غَيْرَ أنَّ \ but: yet: He came but she did not. I need food but I have no money to buy any. She is thin but strong. only: but: She wanted to buy it, only she had no money. \ غَيْرُ أهل للثّقة \ suspect: not trustworthy; possibly the cause of trouble: a rather suspect character. \ غَيْرُ بالِغ \ immature: not fully formed or developed. \ غَيْرُ بهيج \ dull: (of weather or colour) not clean or bright; cloudy: a dull day; a dull blue. \ غَيْرُ جاهز للعَمَل \ out of training: not in good condition. \ غَيْرُ جَمِيل \ plain: (of people) not good-looking: He was a nice boy, but rather plain and not very clever. \ غَيْرُ جَمِيل \ homely: (of people, faces, etc.) not goodlooking. \ See Also جذاب (جذّاب)‏ \ غَيْرُ حادّ \ dull: (of the senses) not sharp: a dull pain. \ غَيْرُ حَذِر \ unwary: (esp. as a noun with the) careless; not looking out for danger or deceit: ‘Easy’ questions in an exam are often a trap for the unwary (or for unwary people). \ غَيْرُ حقيقي \ unreal: imaginary; not related to facts. \ غَيْرُ دقيق \ rough: not carefully made; not properly finished; not exact: a rough drawing; a rough guess. \ غَيْرُ ذلك \ else: other (together with the first one); besides: Who else came? Did you look anywhere else, or only under the bed?, other (instead of the first one); instead Let’s talk about something else. Peter was ill, so someone else came. If there’s no coffee, what else can I drink?. otherwise: differently: I thought it was true, but they thought otherwise. \ غَيْرُ رَسْمِيّ \ informal: without ceremony or special dress: The prince paid an informal visit to the town. private: not official; not concerning one’s work; concerning one’s home and family: In his private life, the actor is rather quiet, although in the play he is loud and angry. \ غَيْرُ سَارّ \ bad, worse, worst: (of news, weather, etc.) unpleasant. \ غَيْرُ سالِك \ impassable: (of roads) unfit for use; blocked (by snow, mud, etc.). \ غَيْرُ سَكران \ sober: not under the control of alcohol; not drunk: A car driver ought to be sober. \ غَيْرُ سليمة \ broken, break: (of language) incorrectly spoken by a foreigner: broken English. \ غَيْرُ شَرْعِيّ \ illegal: against the law: A crime is an illegal act. illegitimate: (of a child) born to a mother who is not married. \ غَيْرُ شريف \ crooked: dishonest. \ غَيْرُ شَفّاف \ opaque: not allowing light to pass through it: opaque glass. \ غَيْرُ صافٍ \ gross: (of figures or amounts) whole, before subtracting anything; the opposite of net: Your gross pay is the amount before tax is paid. \ غَيْرُ صَالِح للاستعمال \ out of order: not working: I couldn’t ring you up yesterday because our telephone was out of order. \ غَيْرُ صالح للأَكل \ inedible: not fit to eat. \ غَيْرُ صَالِح لِلْعَمَل \ out of action: not working; out of order: This telephone is out of action. \ غَيْرُ صِحّي \ insanitary: so dirty that health is put at risk: an insanitary kitchen. \ غَيْرُ صحيح \ false: wrong; incorrect: a false idea. \ غَيْرُ صَحيح \ unsound: not in good condition, not satisfactory: unsound teeth; an unsound explanation. \ See Also سَليم \ غَيْرُ ضَارّ \ harmless: causing no harm; gentle: A lamb is a harmless creature. Is this insect poison harmless to people?. \ غَيْرُ ضروريّ \ needless: useless; unnecessary (trouble, expense etc.). \ غَيْرُ طاهر \ impure: not pure. \ غَيْرُ طَبيعِيّ \ artificial: adj. (of teeth, light, silk, etc.) not natural; made by man. False: not natural: false teeth. weird: very strange. \ غَيْرُ عَادِيّ \ abnormal: different from what is natural or usual: It is abnormal to have only 3 fingers on one hand. exceptional: unusual: That book is an exeptional one. It was an exceptionally hot summer. peculiar: unusual strange. remarkable: surprising; unusual and worth noticing: a remarkable change; a remarkably goodlooking child. unusual: not usual; strange. \ غَيْرُ عالِم بِـ \ ignorant of: not having heard about (a particular thing): I was ignorant of his plans. \ غَيْرُ عَمَليّ \ theoretical: adj. of theories; not learned from experience; supposed; not proved: I have only a theoretical knowledge of cooking from reading cookery books. \ غَيْرُ فَعّال \ inefficient: not working well; wasting time or power: Old machines are often inefficient. He is an inefficient clerk. \ غَيْرُ قابل للتصديق (غير معقول)‏ \ incredible: too strange to be believed; unbelievable: an incredible story. \ غَيْرُ قادِر \ incapable: not able to do sth.; not having the power or nature to do sth.: flowers are incapable of growing without light. She is incapable of being unkind to people. \ غَيْرُ قادِر على الحركة \ numb: having no feeling: My fingers were numb with cold. \ غَيْرُ قانونيّ \ illegal: against the law: A crime is an illegal act. wrongful: unjust; unlawful: wrongful imprisonment. \ غَيْرُ كافٍ \ insufficient: not enough (in power, ability, etc.): insufficient knowledge; insufficient food. lacking: missing: The bread was enough but the butter was lacking. scanty: (of a supply, of clothing, etc.) very small; not enough: He was too scantily dressed to keep warm. \ غَيْرُ كامِل \ incomplete: not complete; not perfect: This piece of work is incomplete - please finish it. His explanation is incomplete - it doesn’t explain all the facts. \ غَيْرُ كَثِيف \ sparse: thinly scattered: sparse hair; sparse grass. \ غَيْرُ كُفْء \ inefficient: not working well; wasting time or power: Old machines are often inefficient. He is an inefficient clerk. \ غَيْرُ لائق \ beneath sb.’s dignity: unsuitable for sb. to do: It was beneath the teacher’s dignity to sweep the classroom. improper: not proper; unsuitable; not polite: improper behaviour. \ غَيْرُ لَبِق \ awkward: (of manner or movement) showing difficulty; not skilful: He is too awkward on his feet to be a dancer. tactless: showing no understanding or skill in dealing with others: a tactless person; a tactless statement. \ غَيْرُ مُؤَدَّب \ impolite: not polite; rude. \ غَيْرُ مُؤذٍ \ innocent: harmless: innocent amusements. \ غَيْرُ مؤكَّد \ uncertain: not certain; doubtful; undecided; changeable: I’m uncertain what time he’s coming. Our holiday plans are still uncertain, we haven’t decided where to go. The weather is uncertain - it may rain soon. \ غَيْرُ مُؤلم \ painless: causing no pain. \ غَيْرُ مأْلوف \ queer: strange, unusually and not understood: a queer noise. uncouth: lacking good manners; strange in one’s appearance: It is uncouth to push your knife into your mouth when eating. Modern young men don’t condiser it uncouth to wear their hair long. \ غَيْرُ مَأْهول \ desert: (of an island) with nobody living on it. wild: (of plants, creatures, land, etc.) in a natural state, not under the control of man. \ غَيْرُ مُبَاشِر \ indirect: not straight or directly joined to; meaning something which is not directly said: an indirect road; the indirect result of an action; an indirect answer. \ غَيْرُ مُبَالٍ \ indifferent: not caring; not interested: He was quite indifferent to his children’s troubles. \ غَيْرُ مَبْتُوت بأمْرِه \ pending: (of a doubtful matter, esp. in court) not yet settled. \ غَيْرُ مُبْهَم \ definite: certain; clear: a definite promise; a definite plan of action. \ غَيْرُ متأكِّد \ in doubt: uncertain: When in doubt, ask your father. \ غَيْرُ مُتَجَانِس \ odd: mixed; different from each other: a boxful of odd tools; two odd shoes (not a pair). \ غَيْرُ مُتَحَرِّك \ stationary: not moving: a stationary vehicle. \ غَيْرُ مُتَحَفِّظ \ outspoken: (of sb. or his speech) saying just what one thinks, although it may annoy some people. \ غَيْرُ مُتَحَمِّس \ cool: unfriendly; They gave us rather a cool welcome. \ غَيْرُ متحمّس لِـ \ half-hearted: not eager; showing little effort or interest: He made a half-hearted attempt at the work. \ غَيْرُ مُتَرَابِط \ scrappy: made of scraps; incomplete; badly arranged: a scrappy meal; a scrappy report. \ غَيْرُ مُتَّصِل \ intermittent: repeatedly stopping and starting; not continuous: intermittent rain. \ غَيْرُ مُتَّصِل بِـ \ irrelevant: not concerned with, not in any way related to the subject: If you are appointing a good teacher, his height is quite irrelevant. \ غَيْرُ مُتَطَرِّف \ moderate: reasonable (in size or amount; in one’s customs or opinions, etc.); neither too big nor too small; neither too much nor too little: moderate prices; moderate political aims. \ غَيْرُ مُتقَن \ rough: not carefully made; not properly finished; not exact: a rough drawing; a rough guess. \ غَيْرُ مُتْقَن (للشيء أو العمل)‏ \ sloppy: (of a person) lacking effort or spirit; weakly lazy; (of a substance) wet and loose: a sloppy piece of work; a sloppy paste. \ غَيْرُ مُتَكَلّف \ homely: simple and friendly; making one feel at home: This little hotel has a homely feeling. \ غَيْرُ مُتَمدِّن (إنسان)‏ \ savage: old use sb. living in an undeveloped society, seen as fierce and wild and likely to attack strangers. \ غَيْرُ مُتَوَازِن \ top-heavy: so heavy at the top that it is likely to fall over: a top heavy load. \ غَيْرُ مُتَوَافر \ out of stock: not in stock. \ غَيْرُ مُتَوَقَّع \ abrupt: (of movement, change, etc.) sudden and unexpected: an abrupt change of plan. unexpected: not expected; surprising that one did not think would happen: an unexpected present; something quite unexpected. \ غَيْرُ مُجْدٍ \ vain: useless; unsuccessful: a vain attempt. ineffective: not able to produce the desired effect: This medicine is quite ineffective. \ غَيْرُ مُحْتَرِف \ amateur: one who works or plays for pleasure, not for money: an amateur actor. \ غَيْرُ مُحْتَمَل \ improbable: not likely to happen: That is an improbable idea. intolerable: (of heat, annoyance, rudeness, etc.) more than one can bear. \ غَيْرُ مُحَدَّد \ indefinite: adj. not clear; not fixed in time: indefinite ideas; at an indefinite date. \ غَيْرُ مَحْدُود \ infinite: endless; not measurable: I have infinite faith in his abilities. This is infinitely better than that. The infinite space of the sky. whole-hearted: full, unlimited, eager and willing: His plan had their whole-hearted support. \ غَيْرُ مُدْرِك \ unaware: not knowing: I was unaware of all the facts. He was unaware of the danger he was in. \ غَيْرُ مَرْئيّ \ invisible: unable to be seen: The sun remained invisible behind the heavy clouds. unseen: not seen; without being seen: The prisoner escaped unseen. \ غَيْرُ مُرَاعٍ لشُعور الآخرين \ thoughtless: careless; not troubling about the future or about other people: a thoughtless waste of money; thoughtless cruelty. \ غَيْرُ مَرْبُوط \ undone: not done finished; no longer fastened: He left half the work undone. Your shoe has came undone. \ غَيْرُ مَرْبُوط \ loose: not tied; not contained in sth.: The sweets were sold loose, not packed in tins. \ See Also مقيد (مُقيَّد)‏ \ غَيْرُ مُرْتاح \ uneasy: anxious, uncomfortable. \ غَيْرُ مُرَتَّب \ dishevelled: (of a person’s appearance, esp. hair) untidy. \ غَيْرُ مُرَكَّز \ watery: like water; containing too much water: watery milk. weak: (of liquids like tea or coffee) lacking taste or strength, because of too much water or milk. \ غَيْرُ مُريح \ inconvenient: causing difficulty; not what suits one: That is an inconvenient time to visit me. uncomfortable: not comfortable: This chair is very uncomfortable. I’m very uncomfortable in it. \ غَيْرُ مَسْؤُول \ irresponsible: doing foolish things without thinking of the probable results; not trustworthy: It was irresponsible of you to give the child a box of matches to play with. \ غَيْرُ مُسْتَحَبّ \ unpleasant: not pleasing or enjoyable; (of people) wanting to quarrel; unkind: What an unpleasant smell! The heat of summer can be very unpleasant. That man was rather unpleasant to me. \ غَيْرُ مُسْتَخْدَم \ obsolete: no longer used; out of date: an obsolete word; an obsolete custom. \ غَيْرُ مُسْتَعْمَل \ archaic: very old; (esp. of words) no longer used. \ غَيْرُ مُسْتَوٍ \ irregular: not regular; uneven: irregular visits; an irregular shape. rugged: rough and rocky: a rugged coast; rugged cliffs. \ غَيْرُ مُسْرَج \ bareback: (in riding horses, etc.) without a proper leather seat: The boys rode bareback. \ غَيْرُ مُسْكِر (للشَّراب)‏ \ soft: (of drinks) not alcoholic. \ غَيْرُ مَشْرُوع \ foul: (in sport) disobeying the rules: Foul play. The whistle was blown for a foul. \ غَيْرُ مشغول \ free: not busy; not in use: If you’re free this evening, let’s go to the cinema. Is this seat free?. \ غَيْرُ مُصابٍ بِأَذى \ intact: not touched; not damaged or broken; complete: The box was broken but the contents were intact. \ غَيْرُ مَصْقول \ rough: not carefully made; not properly finished; not exact: a rough drawing; a rough guess. coarse: (of people and their manners) rough; rude: a coarse fellow; a coarse laugh. \ غَيْرُ مُصَنَّع \ crude: in its natural state: crude oil. \ غَيْرُ مَصْنُوع \ undone: not done finished; no longer fastened: He left half the work undone. Your shoe has come undone. \ See Also منجز (مُنْجَز)‏ \ غَيْرُ مطبوخ \ raw: uncooked: raw meat. \ غَيْرُ مُطْلَق \ relative: comparative: the relative values of gold and iron. \ غَيْرُ مُعَدّ \ rambling: (of speeches, stories, etc.) not planned; wandering aimlessly: He wrote a long rambling letter about his troubles. \ غَيْرُ مُعَشَّق \ out of gear: with the engine separated from the driving wheels. \ غَيْرُ مُعَقَّد \ simple: plain; not fine or grand: We lead a simple life in the country. \ See Also منمق (مُنَمَّق)، متكلف (مُتَكَلَّف)‏ \ غَيْرُ مَعْقُول \ absurd: not at all sensible; foolish: The singer’s absurd clothes made us laugh. \ غَيْرُ مُغَطّى \ naked: not protected by a cover: naked sword; a naked light (whose flame is therefore dangerous). \ غَيْرُ مُفيد \ useless: worthless; fulfilling no purpose; without effect. \ غَيْرُ مَقْرُوء \ illegible: difficult or impossible to read (because the letters or figures cannot be clearly seen). \ غَيْرُ مُقَيَّد \ open: not limited: The next race is open to children of any age. It’s an open race. \ غَيْرُ مُقَيَّد \ wanton: carelessly uncontrolled;with no good reason; wild or playful, with bad resutls: Wanton behaviour causes wanton damage. \ غَيْرُ مُكْتَرِث \ careless: not taking care: Careless drivers cause accidents. indifferent: not caring; not interested: He was quite indifferent to his children’s troubles. \ غَيْرُ مُكْتَرَث بِه \ perfunctory: done with little interest or care: a perfunctory piece of work. \ غَيْرُ مُلائِم \ adverse: unfavourable: an adverse report; adverse winds that delay sailing. improper: not proper; unsuitable; not polite: improper behaviour. inconvenient: causing difficulty; not what suits one: That is an inconvenient time to visit me. \ غَيْرُ مُمطِر \ dry: not wet; with no rain; with no water: a dry cloth; dry weather; a dry river. \ غَيْرُ ممكِن \ impossible: not possible. \ غَيْرُ مُمَيّز \ indiscriminate: not choosing carefully: He invited people indiscriminately to his party. \ غَيْرُ مناسب \ wrong: not correct; mistaken; unsuitable: That’s the wrong answer, and the wrong way to do it. She came in the wrong clothes for riding. \ See Also ملائم (مُلائِم)‏ \ غَيْرُ مُنْطَبِق على \ irrelevant: not concerned with, not in any way related to the subject: If you are appointing a good teacher, his height is quite irrelevant. \ غَيْرُ مُنَظَّم \ random: not planned, not regular: random visits to the city. \ See Also غَيْر مُخَطَّط \ غَيْرُ مَنْظُور \ unseen: not seen; without being seen: The prisoner escaped unseen. \ غَيْرُ مُهْتَمّ به \ perfunctory: done with little interest or care: a perfunctory piece of work. \ غَيْرُ مُهَذَّب \ impolite: not polite; rude. uncouth: lacking good manners; strange in one’s appearance: It is uncouth to push your knife into your mouth when eating. Modern young men don’t condiser it uncouth to wear their hair long. \ غَيْرُ مَوْثوق \ irresponsible: doing foolish things without thinking of the probable results; not trustworthy: It was irresponsible of you to give the child a box of matches to play with. suspect: not trustworthy; possibly the cause of trouble: a rather suspect character. \ غَيْرُ مُوجِع \ painless: causing no pain. \ غَيْرُ موجُود \ lacking: missing: The bread was enough but the butter was lacking. \ غَيْرُ مَوْصُول بالمُحَرِّك \ out of gear: with the engine separated from the driving wheels. \ غَيْرُ ناضج \ immature: not fully formed or developed. \ غَيْرُ نِظاميّ \ irregular: not regular; uneven: irregular visits; an irregular shape. \ غَيْرُ نَقِيّ \ cloudy: (of liquids) not clear. impure: not pure. \ غَيْرُ واثِق \ uncertain: not certain doubtful; undecided; changeable: I’m uncertain what time he’s coming. \ غَيْرُ واثِق من نفْسه \ insecure: feeling afraid and not sure of oneself: He’s a very insecure person, and so he always thinks other people don’t like him. \ غَيْرُ واضِح \ dull: (of the senses) not sharp: a dull pain. vague: not clearly seen or expressed or understood; (of people) having no clear ideas: She made a vague statement. He’s rather vague about his duties. \ غَيْرُ واقعي \ fictitious: imagined; not a fact; not true: a fictitious character in a book. \ غَيْرُ وِدّي \ icy: (of a voice or manner) very cold; very unfriendly. cold: unfriendly: a cold welcome; a cold heart.

Arabic-English dictionary > غير
5 normal

adj.

normal.

lleva una vida normal she leads a fairly normal o ordinary life

este hermano tuyo no es normal there must be something wrong with that brother of yours

es normal que estés cansado it's hardly surprising that you're tired

normal y corriente run-of-the-mill

es una persona normal y corriente he's a perfectly ordinary person

* * *

normal

► adjetivo

1 (corriente, habitual) normal, usual, average; (lógico) normal, natural

► nombre femenino

1 (escuela) teacher training college

2 (gasolina) two-star petrol, US regular gasoline

3 (en geometría) perpendicular, normal

* * *

adj.

1) normal

2) usual

3) standard

* * *

ADJ

1) (=usual) normal

una persona normal — a normal person

es perfectamente normal — it's perfectly normal

es normal que quiera divertirse — it's only normal that he wants to enjoy himself

no es normal que no quiera venir — it's unusual for him not to want to come

lleva una vida muy normal — he leads a very ordinary life

normal y corriente — ordinary

-¿es guapo? -no, normal y corriente — "is he handsome?" - "no, just ordinary"

como alumno es normal y corriente — he's an average pupil

2) [gasolina] three-star, regular (EEUU)

3) (Téc) standard; (Mat, Quím) normal

4)

Escuela Normal — esp LAm teacher training college

* * *
I
adjetivo

a) (común, usual) normal

hoy en día es muy normal — it's very common nowadays

no es normal que haga tanto frío — it's unusual o it isn't normal for it to be so cold

superior a lo normal — above-average

normal y corriente — ordinary

b) ( sin graves defectos) normal

esa chica no es normal — (fam) there's something wrong with that girl (colloq)
II
adverbio (fam) normally

camina normal — he walks quite normally

cocina normal — she's average cook
III
femenino

a) ( escuela)

la N normal — teacher training college

b) ( gasolina) regular gas (AmE), two-star petrol (BrE)

* * *

= average, commonplace, common [commoner -comp., commonest -sup.], normal, ordinary, run-of-the-mill, standard, usual, middle-of-the-range, unsophisticated, line + Profesión, received, regular, commonly seen, indistinctive.

Ex. The average family does have very real information needs, even though these may not be immediately recognized as such.

Ex. Microfilm and microfiche formats are now commonplace in most libraries.

Ex. When the cataloguer turns to the description of a piece of music a common problem will be the absence of a title page to be used as the chief source of information.

Ex. It is normal to make added entries in respect of important editors.

Ex. Control is exercised over which terms are used, but otherwise the terms are ordinary words.

Ex. Guides are almost always worth thinking of as the first type of bibliography to search when it is a quick check of run-of-the-mill bibliographical facts which is required.

Ex. Photographs are normally kept in drawers of standard filing cabinets, with folders or pockets, or both.

Ex. It had three novel features: relative location, instead of the more usual fixed location.

Ex. In effect, the book started its life rather more as a light entertainment middle-of-the-range hardback autobiography but popular acclaim turned it into a huge mass-market paperback success.

Ex. Here is a clear indication of the extent, during the eighteenth century, to which the unsophisticated reader lagged behind his middle class compatriots = Aquí tenemos una clara indicación del grado en el que, durante el siglo dieciocho, el lector normal iba por detrás de sus compatriotas de clase media.

Ex. In larger libraries, line librarians are also likely to be MLS graduates.

Ex. It was interesting, in view of the received opinion that 'We don't have many problems round here'.

Ex. The article 'Filtering software: regular or decaf?' explains that most vendors define filtering software as that which blocks, filters, or monitors Internet use.

Ex. This typology divides humor comics into commonly seen subject areas, such as teen, kiddie, horror, military, and so on = Esta tipología divide los comics de humor en áreas temáticas conocidas como adolescentes, infantil, terror, militar, etc.

Ex. This research suggests that people are threatened by categorizations that portray them as too distinctive or too indistinctive.

----

* agua normal = still water.

* a su precio normal = at full price.

* ciudadano normal = ordinary citizen, member of the public.

* como algo normal = as a matter of course.

* como es normal = as always.

* convertirse en algo normal = become + standard practice.

* convertirse en + Nombre + normal = become + standard + Nombre.

* de extensión normal = standard-length.

* de la manera normal = in the normal manner.

* de tamaño normal = full-sized, ordinary sized.

* día normal = ordinary day.

* en circunstancias normales = in the course of events, during the course of events, under normal circumstances, in the normal run of things, in the normal run of events.

* en el curso normal de = in the mainstream of.

* en el curso normal de las cosas = in the normal run of things, in the normal run of events.

* en el curso normal de los acontecimientos = in the normal run of events, in the normal run of things.

* en el transcurso normal de + Posesivo + vida(s) = in the normal course of + Posesivo + life/lives.

* en situaciones normales = under normal circumstances.

* fuera del horario normal = out of hours, at odd times.

* fuera de lo normal = abnormally + Adjetivo, with a difference, unordinary, out of the ordinary.

* gente normal = ordinary men and women, straight people.

* gente normal, la = ordinary people, hoi polloi, the.

* lejía normal = household bleach.

* lenguaje normal = plain language.

* letra normal = light type, light face type.

* lo normal + ser + que = there + be + a tendency (to/for).

* material de tamaño mayor de lo normal = outsize material.

* normal, lo = standard practice, the, the normal run of.

* normal y corriente = unremarkable.

* parto normal = vaginal delivery.

* permanecer normal = remain + normal.

* persona normales = ordinary person.

* poco normal = unnatural, unordinary, out of the ordinary.

* por debajo de lo normal = below-normal.

* por debajo del peso normal = underweight.

* precio normal = full price.

* prensa normal, la = broadsheet press, the.

* sábana normal = flat sheet.

* seguir con + Posesivo + vida normal = get on with + Posesivo + life.

* ser algo normal = be a fact of life, become + a common feature, be a part of life.

* ser lo normal = be the order of the day.

* ser normal = be the case (with).

* trabajar a horas fuera de lo normal = work + unsocial hours.

* un día normal = on a typical day.

* volver a la vida normal = get (back) into + the swings of things.

* * *
I
adjetivo

a) (común, usual) normal

hoy en día es muy normal — it's very common nowadays

no es normal que haga tanto frío — it's unusual o it isn't normal for it to be so cold

superior a lo normal — above-average

normal y corriente — ordinary

b) ( sin graves defectos) normal

esa chica no es normal — (fam) there's something wrong with that girl (colloq)
II
adverbio (fam) normally

camina normal — he walks quite normally

cocina normal — she's average cook
III
femenino

a) ( escuela)

la N normal — teacher training college

b) ( gasolina) regular gas (AmE), two-star petrol (BrE)

* * *

= average, commonplace, common [commoner -comp., commonest -sup.], normal, ordinary, run-of-the-mill, standard, usual, middle-of-the-range, unsophisticated, line + Profesión, received, regular, commonly seen, indistinctive.

Ex: The average family does have very real information needs, even though these may not be immediately recognized as such.

Ex: Microfilm and microfiche formats are now commonplace in most libraries.

Ex: When the cataloguer turns to the description of a piece of music a common problem will be the absence of a title page to be used as the chief source of information.

Ex: It is normal to make added entries in respect of important editors.

Ex: Control is exercised over which terms are used, but otherwise the terms are ordinary words.

Ex: Guides are almost always worth thinking of as the first type of bibliography to search when it is a quick check of run-of-the-mill bibliographical facts which is required.

Ex: Photographs are normally kept in drawers of standard filing cabinets, with folders or pockets, or both.

Ex: It had three novel features: relative location, instead of the more usual fixed location.

Ex: In effect, the book started its life rather more as a light entertainment middle-of-the-range hardback autobiography but popular acclaim turned it into a huge mass-market paperback success.

Ex: Here is a clear indication of the extent, during the eighteenth century, to which the unsophisticated reader lagged behind his middle class compatriots = Aquí tenemos una clara indicación del grado en el que, durante el siglo dieciocho, el lector normal iba por detrás de sus compatriotas de clase media.

Ex: In larger libraries, line librarians are also likely to be MLS graduates.

Ex: It was interesting, in view of the received opinion that 'We don't have many problems round here'.

Ex: The article 'Filtering software: regular or decaf?' explains that most vendors define filtering software as that which blocks, filters, or monitors Internet use.

Ex: This typology divides humor comics into commonly seen subject areas, such as teen, kiddie, horror, military, and so on = Esta tipología divide los comics de humor en áreas temáticas conocidas como adolescentes, infantil, terror, militar, etc.

Ex: This research suggests that people are threatened by categorizations that portray them as too distinctive or too indistinctive.

* agua normal = still water.

* a su precio normal = at full price.

* ciudadano normal = ordinary citizen, member of the public.

* como algo normal = as a matter of course.

* como es normal = as always.

* convertirse en algo normal = become + standard practice.

* convertirse en + Nombre + normal = become + standard + Nombre.

* de extensión normal = standard-length.

* de la manera normal = in the normal manner.

* de tamaño normal = full-sized, ordinary sized.

* día normal = ordinary day.

* en circunstancias normales = in the course of events, during the course of events, under normal circumstances, in the normal run of things, in the normal run of events.

* en el curso normal de = in the mainstream of.

* en el curso normal de las cosas = in the normal run of things, in the normal run of events.

* en el curso normal de los acontecimientos = in the normal run of events, in the normal run of things.

* en el transcurso normal de + Posesivo + vida(s) = in the normal course of + Posesivo + life/lives.

* en situaciones normales = under normal circumstances.

* fuera del horario normal = out of hours, at odd times.

* fuera de lo normal = abnormally + Adjetivo, with a difference, unordinary, out of the ordinary.

* gente normal = ordinary men and women, straight people.

* gente normal, la = ordinary people, hoi polloi, the.

* lejía normal = household bleach.

* lenguaje normal = plain language.

* letra normal = light type, light face type.

* lo normal + ser + que = there + be + a tendency (to/for).

* material de tamaño mayor de lo normal = outsize material.

* normal, lo = standard practice, the, the normal run of.

* normal y corriente = unremarkable.

* parto normal = vaginal delivery.

* permanecer normal = remain + normal.

* persona normales = ordinary person.

* poco normal = unnatural, unordinary, out of the ordinary.

* por debajo de lo normal = below-normal.

* por debajo del peso normal = underweight.

* precio normal = full price.

* prensa normal, la = broadsheet press, the.

* sábana normal = flat sheet.

* seguir con + Posesivo + vida normal = get on with + Posesivo + life.

* ser algo normal = be a fact of life, become + a common feature, be a part of life.

* ser lo normal = be the order of the day.

* ser normal = be the case (with).

* trabajar a horas fuera de lo normal = work + unsocial hours.

* un día normal = on a typical day.

* volver a la vida normal = get (back) into + the swings of things.

* * *

normal¹

adjective

A

1 (común, usual) normal

no es normal que siempre estén discutiendo it isn't normal the way they argue all the time

es una situación muy normal hoy en día it's a very common situation nowadays

no es normal que haga tanto frío en octubre it's unusual o it isn't normal for it to be so cold in October

me parece lo más normal del mundo to me it seems the most normal o natural thing in the world

inteligencia superior a la normal above-average intelligence

es una chica normalita she's nothing out of the ordinary

normal y corriente ‹mujer/chico› ordinary;

‹jugador› ordinary, run-of-the-mill; ‹libro/vestido› ordinary

2 (sin graves defectos) normal

el miedo de una embarazada a que la criatura no sea normal a pregnant woman's fear that her baby will be abnormal

esa chica no es normal ( fam); there's something wrong with that girl ( colloq)

B (en geometría) perpendicular, normal

normal²

adverb

( fam); normally

habla/anda normal he talks/walks quite normally

cocina normal as a cook she's about average, she cooks averagely well

normal³

feminine

A (en geometría) perpendicular, normal

B

(escuela): la N normal teacher training college

C (gasolina) regular grade gasoline ( AmE), regular gas ( AmE), two-star petrol ( BrE)

* * *

normal adjetivo
normal;
◊ es normal que reaccionen así it's normal for them to react like that;

hoy en día es muy normal it's very common nowadays;
no es normal que haga tanto frío it's unusual o it isn't normal for it to be so cold;
superior a lo normal above-average;
normal y corriente ordinary
■ sustantivo femenino
a) ( escuela):

◊ la N normal teacher training college

b) ( gasolina) regular gas (AmE), two-star petrol (BrE)

normal adjetivo
1 normal, usual: no es normal que llueva tanto, it's unusual for it to rain so much
2 Geom perpendicular
' normal' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
conchabarse
- contrapelo
- cualquier
- deterioro
- extemporánea
- extemporáneo
- fenomenal
- frecuente
- gasolina
- larga
- largo
- mestizaje
- natural
- normalizar
- normalizarse
- residencia
- retener
- usual
- cauce
- común
- corriente
- debajo
- lógico
- mundo
- normalidad
- ordinario
- seguir
- top-less
English:
bed
- below
- dare
- deviation
- diet
- excuse
- fuck
- general
- high
- late
- must
- natural
- need
- norm
- normal
- ordinary
- outside
- par
- procedure
- regular
- saint
- self
- shall
- should
- standard
- still
- two-star petrol
- unexceptional
- usual
- average
- class
- common
- course
- early
- herself
- himself
- long
- myself
- pattern
- run
- subnormal
- teacher
- themselves
- under
- unnatural
- unusual
- yourself
- yourselves

* * *

normal

♦ adj

1. [natural, regular] normal;

lleva una vida normal she leads a fairly normal o ordinary life;

el paciente tiene una temperatura/un pulso normal the patient's temperature/pulse is normal;

cuando se lo dije se enfadó mucho – ¡normal! he was really cross when I told him – that's hardly surprising!;

este hermano tuyo no es normal there must be something wrong with that brother of yours;

es normal que estés cansado it's hardly surprising that you're tired;

no es normal que llore por una tontería así it's not normal for him to cry over a silly thing like that;

normal y corriente ordinary;

contiene todo lo que un usuario normal y corriente necesita it contains everything the average user needs;

es una persona normal y corriente he's a perfectly ordinary person

2. [gasolina] Br three-star, US regular

3. Mat perpendicular

♦ nf
[gasolina] Br three-star petrol, US regular gasoline
♦ adv
Fam normally;
me cuesta mucho caminar normal I find it really hard to walk normally

* * *

normal

adj normal

* * *

normal adj

1) : normal, usual

2) : standard

3)

escuela normal : teacher-training college

* * *

normal adj

1. (común, usual) normal

lleva una vida normal he leads a normal life

es normal que haga calor en agosto it's normal for it to be hot in August

2. (corriente) ordinary

un chico normal an ordinary boy

Spanish-English dictionary > normal
6 común

adj.

1 common, average, ordinary, commonplace.

2 common, regular, everyday, usual.

3 common, joint, general, group.

* * *

común

► adjetivo

1 (gen) common

■ eso es poco común that's unusual

2 (compartido) shared, communal

3 (amigos) mutual

► nombre masculino el común

1 the community

► nombre masculino plural los Comunes

1 PLÍTICA the Commons

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

fuera de lo común out of the ordinary

hacer algo en común to do something jointly

por lo común generally

tener en común (parecerse) to have in common 2 (compartir) to share

■ las dos hermanas no tienen nada en común the two sisters have nothing in common

■ tenemos el despacho en común we share the same office

bien común common good

el común de la gente the majority of people

* * *

adj.

common

* * *

1. ADJ

1) (=compartido) [afición, intereses] common; [amigo] mutual

tienen una serie de características comunes — they share a series of features, they have a series of common features o features in common

a través de un amigo común — through a mutual friend

• común a algn/algo — common to sb/sth

una situación común a todos los países europeos — a situation common to all European countries

lo común a todas las democracias — what all democracies share in common, a feature common to all democracies

2) (=colectivo) [causa, frente, espacio] common; [gastos] communal

• tener algo en común — to have sth in common

su pasión por el fútbol es lo único que tienen en común — their passion for football is all they have in common

no tenemos nada en común — we have nothing in common

la pareja tuvo dos hijos en común — the couple had two children together

• hacer algo en común — to do sth together

• poner en común — [+ iniciativas, problemas] to share
acuerdo 1), bien 4., 2), denominador, fosa, lugar 1), mercado, sentido 2., 1), b)
3) (=frecuente) [enfermedad, opinión] common, widespread; [costumbre] widespread; [cualidad] common, ordinary

el consumo de alcohol es una práctica común — alcohol consumption is very common o widespread

el concierto fue más largo de lo común — the concert was longer than usual

• común y corriente — perfectly ordinary

• fuera de lo común — exceptional, extraordinary

tiene una voz única, algo fuera de lo común — she has a unique voice, quite exceptional o extraordinary

• por lo común — as a rule

• común y silvestre — LAm perfectly ordinary
delincuente, nombre 2)
4) Esp (Educ) [asignatura] core

2. SM

1)

el común de los mortales — ordinary mortals, any ordinary person

el común de las gentes — the common man

bienes del común — public property

2) * (=retrete) toilet, bathroom

3) (Pol) [en el Reino Unido]

los Comunes — the Commons

la Cámara de los Comunes — the House of Commons

* * *

adjetivo

1)

a) <intereses/características> common (before n); < amigo> mutual

el bien común — the common good

un sentimiento común a todos los hombres — a sentiment shared by all mankind

b) (en locs)

de común acuerdo — by common consent

de común acuerdo con alguien — in agreement with somebody

en común: no tenemos nada en común we have nothing in common; una cuenta bancaria en común a joint bank account; le hicimos un regalo en común we gave her a joint present; hicieron el trabajo en común they did the work together; no está acostumbrada a la vida en común con otras personas — she is not used to living with other people

2) (corriente, frecuente) common

es un nombre muy común — it's a very common name

un modelo fuera de lo común — a very unusual model

este fenómeno no es común — this phenomenon is unusual

tiene una inteligencia poco común — she is unusually intelligent

por lo común — as a rule

común y corriente — (normal, nada especial) ordinary; < expresión> common

es una casa común y corriente — it's just an ordinary house, the house is nothing special

* * *

= commonplace, common [commoner -comp., commonest -sup.], popular, run-of-the-mill, shared, standard, ubiquitous, collective, crosscutting [cross cutting], pooled, concerted, everyday, pervading, ordinary, communal, prosaic.

Ex. Microfilm and microfiche formats are now commonplace in most libraries.

Ex. When the cataloguer turns to the description of a piece of music a common problem will be the absence of a title page to be used as the chief source of information.

Ex. Although the fifteenth edition met with some success, it was not generally popular.

Ex. Guides are almost always worth thinking of as the first type of bibliography to search when it is a quick check of run-of-the-mill bibliographical facts which is required.

Ex. A work of shared responsibility is one where the work has arisen from collaboration between two or more persons or corporative bodies.

Ex. Photographs are normally kept in drawers of standard filing cabinets, with folders or pockets, or both.

Ex. Worldwide, however, the printed book is still the most ubiquitous source of record = Sin embargo, el libro impreso es aún en todo el mundo la fuente de información escrita más común.

Ex. 'I'm really not trying to put anyone on the spot and, frankly, I'm not too surprised and only a little disappointed at your collective ignorance,' he commented.

Ex. The plan comprises over twenty projects addressing the partnership's three priority themes -- access, empowerment and governance -- and four crosscutting issues -- youth, the media, gender and local (community-based) knowledge.

Ex. A group of 64 libraries realised substantial cost reductions by joining in a pooled fund to self-insure for unemployment compensation.

Ex. There is an obvious need for a concerted and deliberate study of US information policy-making.

Ex. We have too much invested, and the new systems too intimately integrated into the everyday operation of the library, for us to assume any longer that we can temper their influence on emerging standards.

Ex. While not addressing specific issues the rejoinder focuses on a few pervading themes.

Ex. Control is exercised over which terms are used, but otherwise the terms are ordinary words.

Ex. Excavation in Qumran suggests that the people were organised on a highly communal basis and adept in the art of pottery and bookmaking.

Ex. Take the prosaic problem of the great department store.

----

* aura común = turkey vulture.

* auxiliar común = common auxiliary.

* bien común, el = common good, the, common wealth, the.

* calderón común = pilot whale.

* Cámara de los Comunes, la = House of Commons, the.

* comunidad de prácticas comunes = community of practice.

* común, lo = standard practice, the.

* común y corriente = unremarkable.

* crear un fondo común de conocimientos = pool + knowledge.

* crear un fondo común de experiencias profesionales = pool + expertise.

* creencia común = common belief.

* demasiado poco común = all too rare.

* Denominación Común de Productos Industriales (NIPRO) = Common Nomenclature of Industrial Products (NIPRO).

* denominador común = common thread.

* en común con = in common with.

* encontrar cosas comunes = find + common ground.

* enfermedad poco común = rare disease.

* espacio público común = commons.

* experiencia profesional común = pool of expertise.

* faceta común = common facet.

* fondo común de conocimientos = pool of knowledge, pool of expertise.

* fondo común de inversión = mutual fund.

* fosa común = mass grave.

* fuera de lo común = eccentric, odd, unordinary, out of the ordinary, a cut above the rest, a cut above.

* gente común, la = ordinary people, common people, the.

* gente común y corriente, la = common people, the.

* hacer un frente común = stand up as + one.

* harina común = all-purpose flour, plain flour.

* interés común = shared interest.

* intereses comunes = community of interest.

* lechuza común = barn owl.

* Lenguaje Común de Instrucción de EURONET = EURONET Common Command Language.

* lo poco común = rarity, rareness.

* lugar común de alimentación = feeding ground.

* lugar común de encuentro = meeting ground.

* más común = mainstream.

* Mercado Común, el = Common Market, the.

* nombre común = common name.

* normas comunes = standard practices.

* palabra común = common word.

* persona común = ordinary person.

* poco común = rare, unfamiliar, unusual, uncommon, unordinary, out of the ordinary.

* práctica común = common practice.

* práctica común, la = normal pattern, the.

* proyecto en común = joint effort.

* puntos comunes = common ground.

* que era común anteriormente = once-common.

* que fue común antes = once-common.

* qué poco común = how odd.

* resfriado común, el = common cold, the.

* rorcual común = fin whale.

* salón común = common room.

* sentido común = common sense, good judgement, judgement [judgment], good sense.

* ser algo común = be a fact of life, dominate + the scene, become + a common feature, be a part of life.

* ser algo poco común = be the exception rather than the rule.

* ser común = be the case (with).

* ser demasiado común = be all too common.

* subdivisión común = common subdivision.

* subencabezamiento común = free-floating subdivision.

* tener Algo en común = have + Nombre + in common, share + Nombre + in common.

* tener características en común = share + similarities.

* tener cosas en común = share + common ground.

* tener en común = hold in + common, tread + common ground.

* título común = common title.

* trabajar en común = interwork, pull together.

* trabajo en común = interworking.

* * *

adjetivo

1)

a) <intereses/características> common (before n); < amigo> mutual

el bien común — the common good

un sentimiento común a todos los hombres — a sentiment shared by all mankind

b) (en locs)

de común acuerdo — by common consent

de común acuerdo con alguien — in agreement with somebody

en común: no tenemos nada en común we have nothing in common; una cuenta bancaria en común a joint bank account; le hicimos un regalo en común we gave her a joint present; hicieron el trabajo en común they did the work together; no está acostumbrada a la vida en común con otras personas — she is not used to living with other people

2) (corriente, frecuente) common

es un nombre muy común — it's a very common name

un modelo fuera de lo común — a very unusual model

este fenómeno no es común — this phenomenon is unusual

tiene una inteligencia poco común — she is unusually intelligent

por lo común — as a rule

común y corriente — (normal, nada especial) ordinary; < expresión> common

es una casa común y corriente — it's just an ordinary house, the house is nothing special

* * *

= commonplace, common [commoner -comp., commonest -sup.], popular, run-of-the-mill, shared, standard, ubiquitous, collective, crosscutting [cross cutting], pooled, concerted, everyday, pervading, ordinary, communal, prosaic.

Ex: Microfilm and microfiche formats are now commonplace in most libraries.

Ex: When the cataloguer turns to the description of a piece of music a common problem will be the absence of a title page to be used as the chief source of information.

Ex: Although the fifteenth edition met with some success, it was not generally popular.

Ex: Guides are almost always worth thinking of as the first type of bibliography to search when it is a quick check of run-of-the-mill bibliographical facts which is required.

Ex: A work of shared responsibility is one where the work has arisen from collaboration between two or more persons or corporative bodies.

Ex: Photographs are normally kept in drawers of standard filing cabinets, with folders or pockets, or both.

Ex: Worldwide, however, the printed book is still the most ubiquitous source of record = Sin embargo, el libro impreso es aún en todo el mundo la fuente de información escrita más común.

Ex: 'I'm really not trying to put anyone on the spot and, frankly, I'm not too surprised and only a little disappointed at your collective ignorance,' he commented.

Ex: The plan comprises over twenty projects addressing the partnership's three priority themes -- access, empowerment and governance -- and four crosscutting issues -- youth, the media, gender and local (community-based) knowledge.

Ex: A group of 64 libraries realised substantial cost reductions by joining in a pooled fund to self-insure for unemployment compensation.

Ex: There is an obvious need for a concerted and deliberate study of US information policy-making.

Ex: We have too much invested, and the new systems too intimately integrated into the everyday operation of the library, for us to assume any longer that we can temper their influence on emerging standards.

Ex: While not addressing specific issues the rejoinder focuses on a few pervading themes.

Ex: Control is exercised over which terms are used, but otherwise the terms are ordinary words.

Ex: Excavation in Qumran suggests that the people were organised on a highly communal basis and adept in the art of pottery and bookmaking.

Ex: Take the prosaic problem of the great department store.

* aura común = turkey vulture.

* auxiliar común = common auxiliary.

* bien común, el = common good, the, common wealth, the.

* calderón común = pilot whale.

* Cámara de los Comunes, la = House of Commons, the.

* comunidad de prácticas comunes = community of practice.

* común, lo = standard practice, the.

* común y corriente = unremarkable.

* crear un fondo común de conocimientos = pool + knowledge.

* crear un fondo común de experiencias profesionales = pool + expertise.

* creencia común = common belief.

* demasiado poco común = all too rare.

* Denominación Común de Productos Industriales (NIPRO) = Common Nomenclature of Industrial Products (NIPRO).

* denominador común = common thread.

* en común con = in common with.

* encontrar cosas comunes = find + common ground.

* enfermedad poco común = rare disease.

* espacio público común = commons.

* experiencia profesional común = pool of expertise.

* faceta común = common facet.

* fondo común de conocimientos = pool of knowledge, pool of expertise.

* fondo común de inversión = mutual fund.

* fosa común = mass grave.

* fuera de lo común = eccentric, odd, unordinary, out of the ordinary, a cut above the rest, a cut above.

* gente común, la = ordinary people, common people, the.

* gente común y corriente, la = common people, the.

* hacer un frente común = stand up as + one.

* harina común = all-purpose flour, plain flour.

* interés común = shared interest.

* intereses comunes = community of interest.

* lechuza común = barn owl.

* Lenguaje Común de Instrucción de EURONET = EURONET Common Command Language.

* lo poco común = rarity, rareness.

* lugar común de alimentación = feeding ground.

* lugar común de encuentro = meeting ground.

* más común = mainstream.

* Mercado Común, el = Common Market, the.

* nombre común = common name.

* normas comunes = standard practices.

* palabra común = common word.

* persona común = ordinary person.

* poco común = rare, unfamiliar, unusual, uncommon, unordinary, out of the ordinary.

* práctica común = common practice.

* práctica común, la = normal pattern, the.

* proyecto en común = joint effort.

* puntos comunes = common ground.

* que era común anteriormente = once-common.

* que fue común antes = once-common.

* qué poco común = how odd.

* resfriado común, el = common cold, the.

* rorcual común = fin whale.

* salón común = common room.

* sentido común = common sense, good judgement, judgement [judgment], good sense.

* ser algo común = be a fact of life, dominate + the scene, become + a common feature, be a part of life.

* ser algo poco común = be the exception rather than the rule.

* ser común = be the case (with).

* ser demasiado común = be all too common.

* subdivisión común = common subdivision.

* subencabezamiento común = free-floating subdivision.

* tener Algo en común = have + Nombre + in common, share + Nombre + in common.

* tener características en común = share + similarities.

* tener cosas en común = share + common ground.

* tener en común = hold in + common, tread + common ground.

* título común = common title.

* trabajar en común = interwork, pull together.

* trabajo en común = interworking.

* * *

común¹

adjective

A

1 ‹intereses/características› common ( before n); ‹amigo› mutual

trabajar por el bien común/un objetivo común to work for the common good/a common objective

características comunes a toda la especie characteristics common to o shared by the whole species

un sentimiento común a todos los hombres a sentiment shared by all mankind

2 ( en locs):

de común acuerdo by common consent

lo decidimos de común acuerdo ( frml); it was decided by common agreement o consent

se separaron de común acuerdo they separated by mutual agreement o common consent

la decisión fue tomada de común acuerdo con nuestros aliados the decision was taken in agreement o ( frml) in concert with our allies

en común: tienen una cuenta bancaria en común they have a joint bank account

le hicimos un regalo en común we gave her a joint present

no tengo nada en común con él I have nothing in common with him

no está acostumbrada a la vida en común con otras personas she is not used to living with other people o to communal living

B (corriente, frecuente) common

Juan Gómez es un nombre muy común Juan Gómez is a very common name

un modelo fuera de lo común a very unusual model

no es común que un niño sepa leer a esa edad it is unusual for a child to be able to read at that age

es común que haya inundaciones en esta zona flooding is frequent o common in this area

tiene una inteligencia poco común she is unusually intelligent

por lo común as a rule

común y corriente or ( AmL) silvestre ordinary ( before n)

una blusa común y silvestre a fairly ordinary blouse

común²

masculine

murió como el común de los mortales he died just like any common mortal o ordinary person

* * *

común adjetivo
a) ‹intereses/características› common ( before n);

‹ amigo› mutual
b) ( en locs)

◊ de común acuerdo by common consent;

de común acuerdo con algn in agreement with sb;
en común ‹esfuerzo/regalo› joint ( before n);
no tenemos nada en común we have nothing in common
c) (corriente, frecuente) common;

◊ es un nombre muy común it's a very common name;

un modelo fuera de lo común a very unusual model;
común y corriente (normal, nada especial) ordinary
común
I adjetivo
1 (frecuente) common, usual: es poco común, it's unusual
2 (ordinario, corriente) ordinary
3 (compartido) shared, communal: nos une un interés común, we are united by a common interest
II sustantivo masculino GB Pol los Comunes, the Commons
♦ Locuciones: de común acuerdo, by common consent
en común, (conjuntamente) hacer algo en común, to do sthg jointly
(característica compartida) tienen varios rasgos en común, they have several characteristics in common
por lo común, generally
' común' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acuerdo
- baja
- bajo
- cabeza
- contraponer
- convivencia
- corriente
- dato
- denominador
- despertarse
- fondo
- fosa
- irse
- juicio
- llevar
- múltipla
- múltiplo
- permitirse
- rara
- raro
- sentar
- sentida
- sentido
- soler
- tela
- tópica
- tópico
- única
- único
- uniforme
- unitaria
- unitario
- vista
- visto
- vulgar
- delincuente
- imponer
- mercado
- norma
- peculiar
- rareza
- tino
English:
appeal
- base
- cause
- common
- common denominator
- common sense
- commonplace
- crane
- cure
- deserve
- enjoy
- gumption
- in
- intend
- iota
- jointly
- kitty
- mass grave
- modicum
- mutual
- ordinary
- original
- partnership
- pool
- prevalent
- rank
- reason
- run-of-the-mill
- sense
- stand out
- uncommon
- unusual
- cliché
- communal
- consent
- garden
- house
- lowest common denominator
- ounce
- plain
- platitude
- rarity
- run
- share

* * *

común

♦ adj

1. [compartido] [amigo, interés] mutual;
[bienes, pastos] communal;
el bien común the common good;

el motociclismo es nuestra afición común we both like motorcycling;

¿cómo llevan la vida en común? how are they finding living together?;

hacer algo en común to do sth together;

hacer algo de común acuerdo to do sth by mutual consent o agreement;

es un rasgo común a todos los reptiles it's a characteristic shared by o common to all reptiles;

pusimos nuestros recursos en común we pooled our resources;

realizaron una puesta en común de lo observado they pooled their observations;

tener algo en común to have sth in common;

no tengo nada en común con ella I have nothing in common with her

2. [habitual, normal] common;

una enfermedad muy común en regiones tropicales a disease very common in tropical regions;

es común que llueva en primavera it's normal for it to rain in spring, it often rains in spring;

fuera de lo común out of the ordinary;

poco común unusual;

por lo común generally;

común y corriente o Am [m5] silvestre run-of-the-mill;

es una persona común y corriente he's a perfectly ordinary person

3. [ordinario, vulgar] ordinary, average;

un vino común an average o ordinary wine;

una madera común a common type of wood

♦ nm

como el común de los mortales like any ordinary person o common mortal

* * *

común

I adj common;

poco común unusual, rare;

por lo común generally;

en común in common;

tener algo en común have sth in common

II m

:

el común de las gentes the common man

* * *

común adj, pl comunes

1) : common

2)

común y corriente : ordinary, regular

3)

por lo común : generally, as a rule

* * *

común adj

1. (en general) common

el naranjo es un árbol muy común en la zona mediterránea orange trees are very common in the Mediterranean area

esta característica es común a todos los pájaros this characteristic is common to all brids

2. (compartido) shared

el jardín es común we share the garden

tener en común to have in common

tenemos mucho en común we've got a lot in common

Spanish-English dictionary > común
7 fait

fait, faite [fε, fεt]

1. past participle of faire adjective

   a. ( = constitué) tout fait ready-made

• bien fait [femme] shapely ; [homme] well-built

• c'est bien fait pour toi ! it serves you right!

• le monde est ainsi fait that's the way of the world

► être fait pour to be made for

• ces chaussures ne sont pas faites pour la marche these are not walking shoes

• c'est fait pour (inf) that's what it's for

• ce discours n'est pas fait pour le rassurer this sort of speech isn't likely to reassure him

• il n'est pas fait pour être professeur he's not cut out to be a teacher

• ils sont faits l'un pour l'autre they are made for each other

   b. ( = fini) c'en est fait de notre tranquillité it's goodbye to peace and quiet

• c'est toujours ça de fait that's one thing out of the way

• il est fait (comme un rat) (inf) he's in for it now (inf)

   c. [fromage] ripe

• fromage bien fait ripe cheese

   d. ( = maquillé) avoir les yeux faits to have one's eyes made up

• avoir les ongles faits to have painted nails

2. masculine noun

   a. ( = acte) le fait de manger/bouger eating/moving

• faits et gestes actions

   b. ( = événement) event ; ( = donnée) fact ; ( = phénomène) phenomenon

• aucun fait nouveau n'est survenu no new facts have come to light

• reconnaissez-vous les faits ? do you accept the facts?

• les faits qui lui sont reprochés the charges against him

• les faits sont là there's no denying the facts

• c'est un fait that's a fact

• c'est un fait que it's a fact that

• dire son fait à qn to tell sb what's what

• prendre fait et cause pour qn to take up the cudgels for sb

   c. ( = conséquence) c'est le fait du hasard it's the work of fate

• être le fait de ( = être typique de) to be typical of ; ( = être le résultat de) to be the result of

   d. (locutions)

► au fait ( = à propos) by the way

• en venir au fait to get to the point

• au fait de ( = au courant) informed of► de fait [gouvernement, dictature] de facto ; ( = en fait) in fact

► de ce fait for this reason

► en fait in fact

► en fait de ( = en guise de) by way of ; ( = en matière de) as regards

• en fait de repas on a eu droit à un sandwich we were allowed a sandwich by way of a meal

• en fait de spécialiste, c'est plutôt un charlatan ! as for being a specialist - charlatan more like! (inf)► le fait est que the fact is that

3. compounds

► fait accompli fait accompli

► fait divers ( = nouvelle) news item

• « faits divers » "news in brief" ► fait de société social issue

* * *

1.

faite fɛ, fɛt participe passé faire

2.

participe passé adjectif

1) (réalisé, accompli) [tâche] done

bien/mal fait — well/badly done

c'en est fait de — that's the end of

c'est bien fait (colloq) (pour toi)! — it serves you right!

2) ( constitué)

fait de or en — ( d'un élément) made of; ( composite) made up of

idée toute faite — ready-made idea

formules toutes faites — clichés

elle est bien faite — she's got a great figure

elle a la taille bien faite — she has a shapely waist

je suis ainsi fait — that's how I am

la vie est ainsi faite! — life's like that!

la vie est mal faite — life is unfair

3) ( adapté)

fait pour quelque chose/pour faire — meant for something/to do

ta remarque n'était pas faite pour arranger les choses — your comment certainly didn't help matters

4) ( conçu) [programme, dispositif] designed

bien/mal fait — well-/badly-designed

5) (colloq) ( pris) done for

6) ( mûr)

un fromage bien fait — a ripe cheese

3.

nom masculin

1) (élément de réalité, acte) fact

le fait d'avoir — the fact of having

le fait d'être heureux — being happy

le fait est là — that's the fact of the matter

il a réussi, c'est un fait, mais... — he has succeeded, certainly, but...

les faits et gestes de quelqu'un — somebody's movements

les menus faits de la vie quotidienne — the tiny details of everyday life

2) ( cause)

de ce fait — because of this ou that

du fait de quelque chose — due to something

du fait même que — due to the very fact that

être le fait de — to be due to

3) ( événement) event

au moment des faits — at the time of (the) events

4) ( sujet) point

au fait, je te prie! — get to the point, please!

aller droit au fait — to go straight to the point

elle lui a dit son fait — she told him/her straight

5) ( trait)

mentir n'est pas son fait — it isn't like him/her to lie

6) ( exploit) feat, exploit

les hauts faits — heroic deeds

4.

au fait ofɛt locution adverbiale by the way

5.

de fait locution [situation, pouvoir] de facto (épith); [exister, entraîner] effectively; ( en effet) indeed

6.

en fait locution adverbiale in fact, actually

7.

en fait de locution prépositive as regards

en fait de réforme, il s'agit plutôt d'une... — it isn't so much a reform as a...

en fait de rénovation du système, ils (en) ont seulement changé quelques éléments — they haven't so much renovated the system as tinkered about at the edges

Phrasal Verbs:

- fait accompli

- fait d'actualité

- fait d'armes

- fait divers

- fait de guerre

- fait du prince

- fait de société

••

être au fait — to be informed

mettre quelqu'un au fait — to inform somebody

être sûr de son fait — to be sure of one's facts

prendre quelqu'un sur le fait — to catch somebody in the act

* * *
fɛ
I

1. vb

See:

faire

2. nm

1) (= événement) event

les faits survenus le mois dernier à Genève — the events that took place last month in Geneva

un fait nouveau — a new development

2) (= réalité) fact

C'est un fait, on ne peut pas prétendre le contraire. — It's a fact, we can't pretend otherwise.

le fait de faire — the fact of doing

le fait de manger — the fact of eating

le fait que — the fact that

du fait de... — because of..., on account of...

du fait que... — because of the fact that..., on account of the fact that...

du fait qu'il a menti — because of the fact that had lied, on account of his lying

de ce fait — therefore, for this reason

3) (= acte)

faits de guerre — acts of war

être le fait de — to be the work of

prendre qn sur le fait — to catch sb in the act

les faits et gestes de qn — sb's doings

4) (autres locutions)

au fait (= à propos) — by the way

Au fait, est-ce que tu as aimé le film d'hier? — By the way, did you enjoy the film yesterday?

en venir au fait — to get to the point

être au fait de — to be informed of

mettre qn au fait — to inform sb, to put sb in the picture

prendre fait et cause pour qn — to side with sb

dire son fait à qn — to give sb a piece of one's mind

de fait — de facto

en fait — in fact, actually

En fait je n'ai pas beaucoup de temps. — I haven't got much time actually.

en fait de repas — by way of a meal

II fait, -e
1. pp

See:

faire

2. adj

1) (fromage, melon) ripe

2) (yeux) made-up, (ongles) painted

3) (autres locutions)

tout fait; toute faite (= préparé à l'avance) — ready-made

c'en est fait de notre tranquillité — that's the end of our peace

c'est bien fait pour lui — it serves him right

Il n'a pas réussi - c'est bien fait! — He failed - which served him right.

* * *

fait, faite

A pp ⇒ faire.

B pp adj

1 (réalisé, accompli) [tâche] done; ce qui est fait est fait what's done is done; bien/mal fait well/badly done; il aime le travail bien fait he likes work that is well done; c'en est fait de that's the end of; c'est bien fait○ (pour toi/lui/elle)! it serves you/him/her right!; bien fait pour lui○! serves him right!; bien fait pour ta gueule◑! serves you bloody◑ GB ou damn◑ well right!;

2 ( constitué) fait de/en ( d'un élément) made of; ( composite) made up of; mur fait en pierre wall made of stone; une foule faite de collectionneurs et d'amateurs a crowd made up of collectors and enthusiasts; idée/réponse toute faite ready-made idea/answer; formules toutes faites clichés; elle est bien faite she's good-looking; elle a la taille bien faite she has a shapely waist; un corps merveilleusement/mal fait a marvellous^GB/an ugly body; je suis ainsi fait that's how I am; la vie est ainsi faite! life's like that!; la vie/société est mal faite life/society is unfair;

3 ( adapté) fait pour qch/pour faire meant for sth/to do; ils ne sont pas faits l'un pour l'autre they're not meant for each other; ces ciseaux ne sont pas faits pour couper de la viande these scissors are not meant for cutting ou to cut meat; il n'est pas fait pour travailler hum he's not cut out for work hum; ta remarque n'était pas faite pour arranger les choses your comment certainly didn't help matters;

4 ( conçu) [programme, dispositif] designed; bien/mal fait well-/badly-designed;

5 ○( pris) done for; la maison est cernée, nous sommes faits! the house is surrounded, we're done for!;

6 ( mûr) un fromage bien fait a ripe cheese.

C nm

1 (élément de réalité, acte) fact; le fait d'avoir the fact of having; le fait de faire/d'avoir fait (the fact of) doing/of having done; le fait d'être heureux being happy; le fait d'être parti/tombé (the fact of) having left/fallen; le fait est là that's the fact of the matter; le fait est là ou les faits sont là, il t'a trompé the fact (of the matter) is that he cheated you; le fait est que tu avais raison/que cela n'a pas marché the fact is that you were right/that it didn't work; le fait même que/de faire the very fact that/of doing; le simple fait de faire the simple fact of doing, simply doing; le fait qu'il est or soit possible de faire the fact that it is possible to do; il a réussi, c'est un fait, mais… he has succeeded, certainly, but…; c'est un fait que it's a fact that; s'appuyer sur des faits to rely on facts; reconnaître les faits to acknowledge the facts; s'incliner devant les faits to bow to the facts; au moment des faits at the time of the events; les faits et gestes de qn sb's movements; les menus faits de la vie quotidienne the tiny details of everyday life;

2 ( ce qui est la cause) de ce fait because of this ou that; du fait de qch due to sth; du fait même que/de faire due to the very fact that/of doing; du fait que due to the fact that; être le fait de qn to be due to sb; cette rencontre n'est pas le fait du hasard this encounter isn't due to chance; par le fait du hasard due to chance;

3 ( événement) event; c'est un fait unique dans l'histoire it's an event that's unique in history; le film part de faits réels the film is based on real-life events;

4 ( sujet) point; venons-en au fait let's get to the point; au fait, je te prie! get to the point, please!; aller droit au fait to go straight to the point;

5 ( ce qui caractérise) le mensonge or mentir n'est pas son fait it isn't like him to lie; la patience n'est pas son fait patience isn't his strong point; elle lui a dit son fait she told him straight;

6 ( exploit) feat, exploit; les hauts faits heroic deeds.

D au fait excl by the way.

E de fait loc [situation, pouvoir, gouverneur] de facto ( épith); [exister, supprimer, entraîner] effectively; ( en effet) indeed.

F en fait loc adv in fact, actually; il s'agit en fait de son cousin/de faire it's actually his cousin/a question of doing; ce poste lui servait en fait de couverture this position actually served as a cover for him.

G en fait de loc prép as regards; en fait de réforme/philosophie, il s'agit plutôt d'une… it isn't so much a reform/a philosophy as a…; en fait de rénovation du système, ils (en) ont seulement changé quelques éléments they haven't so much renovated the system as tinkered about at the edges.

Composés

fait accompli fait accompli; mettre qn devant le fait accompli to present sb with a fait accompli; fait d'actualité news item; fait d'armes feat of arms; fait divers Presse (short) news item; la rubrique (des) ‘faits divers’ the ‘news in brief’ column; fait de guerre exploit of war; fait du prince fiat; fait de société fact of life.

Idiomes

être au fait de fml to be informed about; mettre qn au fait fml to inform sb; être sûr de son fait to be sure of one's facts; prendre qn sur le fait to catch sb in the act; ⇒ cause.

I

( féminin faite) [fɛ, fɛt] participe passé

→ link=faire faire

————————

( féminin faite) [fɛ, fɛt] adjectif

1. [formé]

elle a la jambe bien faite she's got shapely ou nice legs

une femme fort bien faite a very good-looking woman

fait au tour shapely, well-turned

2. [mûr] mature, ripe

un fromage fait a fully ripened cheese

trop fait over-ripe

3. [maquillé] made-up

elle a les yeux faits she's wearing eye make-up

4. [prêt]

tout fait

a. [vêtement] ready-made, ready-to-wear

b. [tournure] set, ready-made

une expression toute faite a set phrase, a cliché

II

[fɛ] nom masculin

1. [action] act, deed

l'erreur est de son fait it was his mistake

fait d'armes feat of arms

faits de guerre acts of war

les faits et gestes de quelqu'un everything somebody says and does, somebody's every move

hauts faits heroic deeds

prendre quelqu'un sur le fait to catch somebody red-handed

prendre fait et cause pour quelqu'un to side with somebody

2. [événement] event, fact, occurrence

fait notoire fact of common knowledge

fait nouveau new development

au moment des faits at the time

racontez-nous les faits tell us what happened

les faits qui lui sont reprochés the charge laid against him

de ce fait thereby

il est pénalisé par le seul fait de son divorce the very fact that he's divorced puts him at a disadvantage

par le seul fait que (solely) because of, due (solely) to the fact that

fait (juridique) DROIT fact

fait concluant DROIT conclusive evidence

faits constitutifs de délit DROIT factors that constitute an offence

fait exprès: c'est (comme) un ou on dirait un fait exprès it's almost as if it was deliberate

comme (par) un fait exprès, il n'avait pas de monnaie funnily enough, he had no change

3. [réalité] fact

c'est un fait it's a (matter of) fact

le fait est que nous étions en retard the fact is we were late

placer ou mettre quelqu'un devant le fait accompli to present somebody with a fait accompli

considérer quelque chose comme un fait acquis to take something for granted

état de fait (inescapable) fact

le fait est! (familier) that's right!, you've said it!

4. [sujet, question] point

aller (droit) au fait to go straight to the point

venons-en au fait let's come ou get to the point

5. (locution)

dire son fait à quelqu'un to give somebody a piece of one's mind

au fait locution adverbiale

by the way, incidentally

au fait, on pourrait peut-être y aller à pied? by the way, couldn't we walk there?

au fait de locution prépositionnelle

well aware of, fully informed about

mettre quelqu'un au fait de la situation to inform somebody about the situation

de fait locution adjectivale

1. DROIT actual, de facto

2. [en affirmation]

il est de fait que it is true ou a fact that

de fait locution adverbiale,

en fait locution adverbiale

in fact, actually, as a matter of fact

en fait, il n'est pas mon père actually ou in fact he isn't my father

du fait de locution prépositionnelle

because of, due to, on account of

du fait que locution conjonctive

because (of the fact that)

en fait de locution prépositionnelle

1. [en guise de] by way of

en fait de nourriture, il n'y a qu'une boîte de sardines there's only a can of sardines by way of food

2. [au lieu de] instead of

en fait de chien, c'était un loup it wasn't a dog at all, it was a wolf

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > fait
8 être

être [εtʀ]

━━━━━━━━━

1. linking verb

2. auxiliary verb

3. intransitive verb

4. impersonal verb

5. masculine noun

━━━━━━━━━

➭ TABLE 61

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► Pour les locutions comme être en colère, c'est dommage, reportez-vous à l'autre mot.

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1. <

   a. to be

• le ciel est bleu the sky is blue

• soyez sages ! be good!

• il était fatigué he was tired

• elle est traductrice she's a translator

• il est tout pour elle he's everything to her

• il n'est plus rien pour moi he doesn't mean anything to me any more

• nous sommes dix à vouloir partir ten of us want to go

► être de

• nous sommes de la même religion we are of the same faith

• être de l'expédition to take part in the expedition

• être de noce to be at a wedding

• je ne serai pas du voyage I won't be going

• elle est des nôtres she's one of us ; ( = elle vient avec nous) she's coming with us

• serez-vous des nôtres demain ? will you be coming tomorrow?

   b. (date) on est le 12 janvier

• nous sommes le 12 janvier it's 12 January

• on était en juillet it was in July

• quel jour sommes-nous ? (date) what's the date today? ; (jour) what day is it today?

2. <

   a. (passif) to be

• être fabriqué par... to be made by...

• il est soutenu par son patron he is backed up by his boss

• elle n'a pas été invitée she hasn't been invited

   b. (temps composés) to have

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Les temps composés anglais sont généralement formés avec le verbe to have et non to be.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Les temps composés français ne se traduisent pas toujours par des temps composés anglais: le passé composé français peut se traduire soit par le prétérit, soit par le parfait anglais, selon le contexte.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• il est mort hier he died yesterday

• il est parti hier he left yesterday

• est-il déjà passé ? has he been already?

• nous étions montés we had gone upstairs

   c. (verbes pronominaux) elle s'est regardée dans la glace she looked at herself in the mirror

• elle s'était endormie she had fallen asleep

• ils se sont regardés avec méfiance they looked at each other suspiciously

3. <

   a. to be

• elle n'est plus she is no more

• le meilleur homme qui soit the kindest man imaginable

• le village est à 10 km d'ici the village is 10km from here

• où étais-tu ? where were you?

   b. ( = aller)

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Lorsque avoir été décrit un déplacement, il est rendu le plus souvent par to go ; lorsqu'il exprime le fait de s'être trouvé quelque part, il se traduit par to be.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• il n'avait jamais été à Londres he'd never been to London

• as-tu déjà été à l'étranger ? -- oui j'ai été en Italie l'an dernier have you ever been abroad? -- yes I went to Italy last year

• elle a été lui téléphoner she's gone to phone him

• il a été dire que c'était de ma faute he went and said that it was my fault

4. <

   a. ► il est + adjectif it is

• il est étrange que... it's odd that...

• il a été facile de le convaincre it was easy to convince him

   b. ► il est (pour dire l'heure) it is

• il est 10 heures it's 10 o'clock

• il était 8 heures quand il est arrivé it was 8 o'clock when he arrived

• quelle heure est-il ? what time is it?

   c. ► il est + nom (literary) (nom singulier) there is ; (nom pluriel) there are

• il est un pays où... there is a country where...

• il est des gens qui... there are people who...

• il était une fois... once upon a time there was...

   d. ► c'est, ce sont + nom ou pronom

• c'est le médecin (en désignant) that's the doctor ; (au téléphone, à la porte) it's the doctor

• c'est une voiture rapide it's a fast car

• ce sont de bons souvenirs they are happy memories

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► En anglais, to be se met au temps de l'action décrite.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• c'est une voiture rouge qui l'a renversé it was a red car which knocked him down

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Notez l'emploi possible d'un auxiliaire en anglais pour traduire les propositions tronquées.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• qui a crié ? -- c'est lui who shouted? -- he did or it was him

   e. ► c'est + adjectif it is

• c'est impossible it's impossible

• c'était formidable it was wonderful

• c'est vrai that's true

• ça c'est vrai ! that's true!

• un hôtel pas cher, c'est difficile à trouver it's not easy to find a cheap hotel

• voler, c'est quelque chose que je ne ferai jamais stealing is something I'll never do

   f. (locutions)

► c'est... qui

• c'est le vent qui a emporté la toiture it was the wind that blew the roof off

• c'est eux or ce sont eux qui mentaient they are the ones who were lying

• c'est toi qui le dis ! that's what you say!

• c'est moi qu'on attendait it was me they were waiting for► c'est... que

• c'est une bonne voiture que vous avez là that's a good car you've got there

• c'est ici que je l'ai trouvé this is where I found it

• c'était elle que je voulais rencontrer she was the one I wanted to meet

• ne partez pas, c'est à vous que je veux parler don't go, it's you I want to talk to► c'est que (pour expliquer)

quand il écrit, c'est qu'il a besoin d'argent when he writes, it's because he needs money

• c'est que je le connais bien ! I know him so well!

• c'est qu'elle n'a pas d'argent it's because she has no money ; (exclamatif) but she has no money!► ce n'est pas que

• ce n'est pas qu'il soit beau ! it's not that he's good-looking!► est-ce que ?

• est-ce que c'est vrai ? is it true?

• est-ce que vous saviez ? did you know?

• est-ce que tu m'entends ? can you hear me?

• est-ce que c'est toi qui l'as battu ? was it you who beat him?

• quand est-ce que ce sera réparé ? when will it be fixed?

• où est-ce que tu l'as mis ? where have you put it?► n'est-ce pas ? → n'est-ce pas

► ne serait-ce if only

• ne serait-ce que pour quelques jours if only for a few days

• ne serait-ce que pour nous ennuyer if only to annoy us

5. <

   a. ( = créature) being

• être humain human being

• être vivant living being

   b. ( = individu) person

• les êtres qui nous sont chers our loved ones

• un être cher a loved one

• c'était un être merveilleux he was a wonderful person

* * *

I ɛtʀ
verbe intransitif (+ v avoir)

1)

il n'est pas jusqu'à l'Antarctique qui ne soit pollué — even the Antarctic is polluted

il en est de Pierre comme de Paul — it is the same with Pierre as with Paul

voilà ce qu'il en est — ( présentation) this is how it is; ( conclusion) that's how it is

il n'en est rien — this isn't at all the case

il en sera toujours ainsi — it will always be so

il en a été de même — it was the same

qu'en est-il de...? — what's the news on...?

2)

je suis à vous tout de suite/dans un instant — I'll be with you right away/in a minute

je suis à vous — I'm all yours

être à ce qu'on fait — to have one's mind on what one is doing

elle est toujours à se plaindre — she's always complaining

3)

il n'est plus — euph he's no longer with us

ce temps n'est plus — these days are gone

fût-il duc/en cristal — even if he were a duke/it were made of crystal

n'était leur grand âge — were it not for their advanced age

ne serait-ce qu'en faisant — if only by doing

ne fût-ce qu'un instant — if only for a moment

fût-ce pour des raisons humanitaires — if only on humanitarian grounds

••

on ne peut pas être et avoir été — Proverbe you can't stay young forever

••

être I

Généralités

Dans la plupart des situations exprimant l'existence, l'identité, la localisation, la qualité, être sera traduit par to be: je pense donc je suis = I think therefore I am; le soleil est une étoile = the sun is a star; j'étais chez moi = I was at home; l'eau est froide = the water is cold

Les locutions figées contenant être sont traitées sous l'entrée appropriée. Ainsi être en train de/sur le point de/hors de soi etc sont respectivement sous train, point, hors etc; comme si de rien n'était et quoi qu'il en soit sous comme et quoi. De même, les expressions avec si et les questions commençant par que sont traitées sous si et que, à part qu'est-ce à dire?, que l'on trouvera sous dire. Selon le même principe, l'emploi facultatif de étant après considérer comme et présenter comme est traité sous ces verbes; étant donné (que) et étant entendu que sont sous donné et entendu. La plupart des autres emplois de étant se traduisent par being: cela (ou ceci) étant = this being so. En revanche, c'est-à-dire, n'est-ce pas, peut-être et soit sont des entrées à part entière, traitées à leur place dans le dictionnaire

Par ailleurs, on consultera utilement les notes d'usage répertoriées, notamment pour l'expression de l'heure, la date, les nationalités, les professions, les nombres etc

être = verbe auxiliaire

de la voix passive

être auxiliaire de la voix passive se traduit par to be. On notera l'emploi des divers temps en anglais

au présent: où sont les épreuves? elles sont révisées par le traducteur = where are the proofs? they are being revised by the translator; votre voiture est réparée = your car has been repaired; les portes sont repeintes chaque année = the doors are repainted every year

au passé: les épreuves ont été révisées en juin = the proofs were revised in June; les épreuves ont été révisées plusieurs fois = the proofs have been revised several times; les épreuves ont été révisées bien avant ma démission = the proofs had been revised long before I resigned

du passé dans les temps composés

être se traduit par to have si le temps est également composé en anglais - ce qui est beaucoup moins fréquent qu'en français (voir ci-dessus) - sauf avec naître. Dans certains contextes, on peut avoir: elles sont tombées = they have fallen; ils se sont enfuis = they have escaped; elle s'était vengée = she had taken her revenge

Les verbes traduits par une construction passive ou attributive en anglais ( se vendre = to be sold; s'indigner = to be indignant) suivent les mêmes règles au passé: tous les livres se sont vendus = all the books have been sold; elle se serait indignée = she would have been indignant

Noter que la forme pronominale à valeur passive est souvent mieux rendue en anglais par une forme intransitive: les livres se sont bien vendus = the books have sold well

être = aller

Lorsqu'il signifie aller, être se traduit par to be en anglais, mais seulement s'il est directement suivi d'un complément de lieu: je n'ai jamais été en Chine = I've never been to China. Suivi d'un infinitif, il se rend par to go to: il a été voir son ami = he's gone to see his friend; j'ai été manger au restaurant = I went to eat in the restaurant

Dans le sens de s'en aller, on notera les tournures recherchées: ils s'en furent au théâtre = they went to the theatre; ils s'en furent (déçus) = they left (disappointed)

c'est

interrogation

est-ce, ou sa variante plus familière c'est, se traduit généralement par is it: est-ce leur fils/voiture? = is it their son/car?; c'est grave? = is it serious?; c'est toi ou ton frère? = is it you or your brother?

Quand ce garde sa valeur démonstrative, l'anglais précise la référence: est-ce clair? = is that clear?; qui est-ce? ( en montrant une personne) = who is he/she?; et aussi = who is that?; mais, en parlant de quelqu'un qui vous appelle au téléphone, ou à quelqu'un qui frappe à la porte: = who is it?

est-ce n'est généralement pas traduit dans les tournures emphatiques ou permettant d'éviter l'inversion du sujet: est-ce que tu parles russe? = do you speak Russian?; est-ce leur fils, ce garçon? is this boy their son?; qui est-ce qui l'a fait? = who did it?; qui est-ce que tu as rencontré? = who did you meet?; quand/où est-ce que tu manges? = when/where do you eat?; qu'est-ce que c'est? = what is it?, ou, comme vu plus haut, = what is this/that? selon qu'on montre un objet proche ou éloigné

Néanmoins, la tournure emphatique est également possible en anglais dans certaines expressions: qu'est-ce que j'entends? = what's this I hear?; est-ce bien ce qu'il a voulu dire? = is that what he really meant?

affirmation

c'est se traduit, selon les contextes, it is ( it's), this is, that is ( that's): c'est facile ( de critiquer) = it's easy; (ce que tu me demandes, ce travail) = that's easy; c'est moi (réponse à ‘qui est-ce?’) = it's me; (réponse à ‘qui le fait?’) = I do; (réponse à ‘qui l'a fait?’) = I did; (pour me désigner sur une photo, ou comme étant le personnage dont il est question) = that's me ( traduit également ça, c'est moi); c'est Mme Fox (qui téléphone, réponse à ‘qui est-ce?’) = it's Mrs Fox; (réponse à ‘qui le fait?’) = Mrs Fox ou Mrs Fox does; (réponse à ‘qui l'a fait?’) = Mrs Fox did; (que je montre, dont vous voulez parler) = that's Mrs Fox; c'est eux, ce sont eux (qui sont là-bas, que je montre) = it's them; ( qui le font) = they do; ( qui l'ont fait) = they did; ( qui arrivent) = here they are; ce sont mes enfants ( que je vous présente) = these are my children; ( qui sont là-bas) = they are my children; c'est cela = that's right; c'est ça! tu crois que je vais faire le travail tout seul? = what's this! do you think I'm going to do the work all by myself?

Lorsqu'il reprend un nom, un infinitif ou une proposition qui le précède c'est se traduit seulement par is: une étoile, c'est un réacteur nucléaire = a star is a nuclear reactor; réussir, c'est une question de volonté = to succeed is a question of will; sortir par ce temps, c'est de la folie = going out in this weather is sheer madness; eux, ce sont mes amis = they are my friends

De même, lorsque c'est que reprend un groupe nominal ou une proposition, il se traduit simplement par is that: le comique, c'est que... = the funny thing is that... On trouvera en général cette tournure sous l'entrée appropriée, comme comique, fort, importer etc

Lorsque c'est que sert à donner une explication il se rend généralement, et selon le temps, par it is that, it was that, mais aussi, pour insister sur l'explication, par it is/was because: si j'ai fait ça, c'est que je ne pouvais pas faire autrement = if I did that, it was because I couldn't do otherwise. ce n'est pas que se traduit la plupart du temps it is/was not that (la contraction est it's not plutôt que it isn't): ce n'est pas qu'il soit bête, mais... = it's not that he is stupid, but...

En corrélation avec un pronom relatif, c'est peut soit garder sa valeur de présentatif (voir plus haut) et se rendre par that's: c'est le journaliste qui m'a interviewé/que nous avons rencontré/dont je te parlais = that's the journalist who interviewed me/(that) we met/I was telling you about; c'est le château où je suis né = that's the castle where I was born; c'est ce qui me fait croire que... = that's what makes me think that...; c'est justement ce que je disais = that's exactly what I was saying; soit constituer une tournure emphatique qui se rend en anglais selon la nuance: c'est de la même femme que nous parlons = we're talking about the same woman; c'était d'en parler devant elle qui me gênait = talking about it in front of her was what made me feel uneasy ou what made me feel uneasy was talking about it in front of her; c'est lui/Paul qui l'a cassé ( je le dénonce) = he/Paul broke it; ( je l'accuse) = he/Paul is the one who broke it; c'est mon frère qui l'a écrit = it was my brother who wrote it ou my brother's the one who wrote it; c'est de ta soeur que je parlais, pas de toi = it was your sister I was talking about, not you; c'est cette voiture qui m'intéresse = this is the car (that) I am interested in; c'est lui le coupable = he is the culprit; ce sont eux les meurtriers = they are the murderers

c'est à suivi d'un infinitif se traduit parfois par it is suivi de l'adjectif correspondant si cette même transformation est possible en français ( c'est à désespérer = c'est désespérant = it's hopeless), mais c'est rare, et il est conseillé de se reporter à l'infinitif en question ou à l'un des autres termes obtenus à partir de transformations semblables

c'est à... de faire (ou parfois à faire) se traduira de deux manières: c'est à Pierre/lui de choisir ( c'est son tour) it's Pierre's/his turn to choose; ( c'est sa responsabilité) it's up to Pierre/to him to choose

La notion de rivalité contenue dans c'est à qui suivi du futur doit être rendue explicite en anglais: c'est à qui proposera le plus de réformes = each is trying to suggest more reforms than the other; c'était à qui des deux aurait le dernier mot = they were each trying to get in the last word; c'était à qui trouverait le plus d'erreurs dans le texte = they were vying with each other to find the most mistakes in the text

c'est, équivalent de ça fait dans le compte d'une somme, se rend par it is: c'est 200 francs = it's 200 francs; c'est combien? = how much is it?

ce sera avec valeur modale de ce doit être se traduit it must be: ce sera mon professeur de piano = it must be my piano teacher

être = verbe impersonnel

il est facile de critiquer = it is easy to criticize; il serait nécessaire de faire = it would be necessary to do; il est des gens bizarres = there are some strange people; il n'est pas de jour/d'heure sans qu'il se plaigne = not a day/an hour goes by without him complaining

On se référera par ailleurs aux notes d'usage concernant l'heure et la date; voir aussi les entrées temps et fois

il est à suivi d'un infinitif se rend différemment, selon les nuances qu'imposent le contexte, par it must be, it has to be, it should be, it can be suivis du participe passé. Pour plus de sûreté, on se reportera à l'infinitif en question, où cette construction est généralement traitée

il est de suivi d'un substantif ou d'un groupe nominal se rend souvent par it is suivi directement d'un adjectif ou d'un substantif précédé d'un déterminant (article, pronom): il est de coutume de faire (ou qu'on fasse) = it is customary ou the custom to do; il est de notre responsabilité de faire = it is our responsibility to do; mais ce n'est pas une règle absolue, et il est préférable de consulter des entrées telles que goût, règle, notoriété etc pour avoir des traductions adéquates. Voir également 1 Voir également 1 ci-dessous pour des exemples supplémentaires

Emplois avec en

en être

Certains cas sont traités sous la rubrique ‘être = verbe impersonnel’; d'autres, expressions figées, le sont sous l'entrée appropriée; voir par exemple poche et frais pour en être de sa poche/pour ses frais. Enfin, quand l'antéc édent de en est exprimé dans la phrase, l'expression est traitée plus bas sous être de: où en étais-je? = where was I?; je ne sais plus où j'en suis = I'm lost; où en es-tu de tes recherches? - j'en suis à mi-chemin/au début = how far have you got in your research? - I'm halfway through/at the beginning; elle a eu plusieurs amants/accidents: elle en est à son quatrième = she has had several lovers/accidents: this is her fourth; j'en suis à me demander si... = I'm beginning to wonder whether...; j'en étais à ne pouvoir distinguer le vrai du faux = I got to the point where I couldn't distinguish between truth and falsehood

être en

Suivie d'un substantif représentant un vêtement, l'expression peut être traduite to be in, mais on consultera l'entrée appropriée pour s'en assurer. Si l'on dit to be in uniform ou éventuellement to be wearing a uniform pour être en uniforme, l'anglais préfère généralement to be wearing a suit à to be in a suit pour être en costume (de même pour robe, tailleur etc). Dans le cas d'un déguisement, on a to be dressed up as: être en pirate = to be dressed up as a pirate

emplois avec y

j'y suis ( je vous comprends) = I'm with you; ( plus général mais un peu familier) = I get it; je n'y suis pas ( je ne comprends pas) = I don't get it; vous y êtes? (vous comprenez?) = are you with me?; (vous êtes prêt(e)?) = are you ready?; 20000 francs? vous n'y êtes pas! = 20,000 francs? you're a long way out!; tu n'y es pas, c'est plus compliqué que ça = you don't realize, it's a lot more complicated than that. Voir aussi les entrées y, adverbe de lieu, et pour

être + prépositions

La plupart des cas ( être dans, sur, devant, pour, après, avec etc) sont traités sous la préposition correspondante. Ne sont retenus ici que les cas particuliers de être à et être de

être à

Les cas où l'on peut faire l'ellipse de être ou le remplacer par un autre verbe sont traités sous la préposition à; ceux de en être à sous la rubrique ‘en être’, et ceux de c'est à sous la rubrique ‘c'est’

Les emplois de être à suivi d'un groupe nominal et signifiant ‘tendre vers’ sont généralement traités sous le substantif approprié, comme temps, hausse, agonie etc dans les expressions le temps est à la pluie, être à la hausse, être à l'agonie. De même, quand être à signifie un état, c'est sous le substantif ou adjectif approprié, comme bout, disposition, quai, vif etc, qu'on trouvera la ou les traductions de l'expression correspondante

Suivi d'un infinitif et signifiant devoir être, être à peut généralement se traduire, en observant les mêmes nuances qu'avec devoir, par must be, have to be ou should be suivi du participe passé du verbe anglais. Il reste conseillé de consulter l'infinitif en question, comme plaindre, prendre etc. On en trouve également un traitement succint sous les rubriques ‘être = verbe impersonnel' et ‘c'est'

Au sens de appartenir à, l'anglais utilise to be suivi du cas possessif quand le possesseur est un être animé ou d'un pronom possessif si celui-ci est représent é par un pronom objet. Si le cas possessif n'est pas d'usage, on utilise de préférence to belong to: ce livre est à moi/à mon frère = this book is mine/my brother's; ces dictionnaires sont au service de traduction = these dictionaries belong to the translation department; à qui est ce chien? = who does this dog belong to? ou whose dog is this? Voir 2 ci-dessous pour des exemples supplémentaires

être de

Quand elle exprime un état ou une situation, la tournure être de suivie d'un substantif sans déterminant est traduite sous le substantif en question, notamment avis, garde, service etc. De même, certaines expressions où la présence de déterminant est variable, comme dans être de mauvaise foi/d'une incroyable mauvaise foi sont traitées sous l'entrée appropriée, en l'occurrence, foi; voir aussi humeur, massacrante, poil etc

La construction être d'un/d'une suivie d'un adjectif substantivé ou d'un substantif exprimant une qualité ou un défaut peut généralement être rendue par to be so suivi de l'adjectif correspondant en anglais, si le substantif est seul: elle est d'un ridicule/d'une prétention! = she's so ridiculous/so pretentious!; si le substantif est qualifié, l'adjectif devient généralement un adverbe en anglais: il est d'une exquise courtoisie/d'une incompétence rare = he's exquisitely courteous/exceptionally incompetent; mais il n'est pas inutile de vérifier les traductions des adjectifs et substantifs à leur entrée avant de rendre cette construction

Au sens de participer à, faire partie de, la tournure être de se traduit de façon très variable (voir aussi partie): il est des nôtres ( il vient avec nous) = he's with us; (il est de notre clan, agit et pense comme nous) = he's one of us; serez-vous des nôtres? = will you be (coming) with us?; êtes-vous des nôtres? = are you coming with us? (ici, coming est nécessaire, pour éviter l'ambiguïté de are you with us?); les journalistes ne sont pas/ne seront pas du voyage = the journalists aren't coming/won't be coming on the trip; ils ont organisé une expédition mais je n'en étais pas = they organized an expedition but I wasn't part of it; il y avait un congrès mais il n'en était pas = there was a congress but he didn't take part

Suivi d'un infinitif et précédé de noms abstraits avec l'article défini ( l'idéal, l'essentiel etc) ou de superlatifs ( le plus simple), être de se traduit généralement par to be suivi de l'infinitif avec to: le plus simple serait de tout recommencer = the simplest thing to do would be to start all over again

II ɛtʀ
nom masculin

1) ( organisme vivant) being

être humain — human being

les êtres animés et inanimés — animate and inanimate things

les êtres et les choses — living things and objects

un être sans défense — a defenceless [BrE] creature

2) ( personne) person

un être d'exception — an exceptional person

un être cher or aimé — a loved one

un être sensible — a sensitive soul

3) ( nature intime) being

de tout son être — with one's whole being

blessé au plus profond de son être — hurt to the core

4) Philosophie

l'être — being

••

être I

Généralités

Dans la plupart des situations exprimant l'existence, l'identité, la localisation, la qualité, être sera traduit par to be: je pense donc je suis = I think therefore I am; le soleil est une étoile = the sun is a star; j'étais chez moi = I was at home; l'eau est froide = the water is cold

Les locutions figées contenant être sont traitées sous l'entrée appropriée. Ainsi être en train de/sur le point de/hors de soi etc sont respectivement sous train, point, hors etc; comme si de rien n'était et quoi qu'il en soit sous comme et quoi. De même, les expressions avec si et les questions commençant par que sont traitées sous si et que, à part qu'est-ce à dire?, que l'on trouvera sous dire. Selon le même principe, l'emploi facultatif de étant après considérer comme et présenter comme est traité sous ces verbes; étant donné (que) et étant entendu que sont sous donné et entendu. La plupart des autres emplois de étant se traduisent par being: cela (ou ceci) étant = this being so. En revanche, c'est-à-dire, n'est-ce pas, peut-être et soit sont des entrées à part entière, traitées à leur place dans le dictionnaire

Par ailleurs, on consultera utilement les notes d'usage répertoriées, notamment pour l'expression de l'heure, la date, les nationalités, les professions, les nombres etc

être = verbe auxiliaire

de la voix passive

être auxiliaire de la voix passive se traduit par to be. On notera l'emploi des divers temps en anglais

au présent: où sont les épreuves? elles sont révisées par le traducteur = where are the proofs? they are being revised by the translator; votre voiture est réparée = your car has been repaired; les portes sont repeintes chaque année = the doors are repainted every year

au passé: les épreuves ont été révisées en juin = the proofs were revised in June; les épreuves ont été révisées plusieurs fois = the proofs have been revised several times; les épreuves ont été révisées bien avant ma démission = the proofs had been revised long before I resigned

du passé dans les temps composés

être se traduit par to have si le temps est également composé en anglais - ce qui est beaucoup moins fréquent qu'en français (voir ci-dessus) - sauf avec naître. Dans certains contextes, on peut avoir: elles sont tombées = they have fallen; ils se sont enfuis = they have escaped; elle s'était vengée = she had taken her revenge

Les verbes traduits par une construction passive ou attributive en anglais ( se vendre = to be sold; s'indigner = to be indignant) suivent les mêmes règles au passé: tous les livres se sont vendus = all the books have been sold; elle se serait indignée = she would have been indignant

Noter que la forme pronominale à valeur passive est souvent mieux rendue en anglais par une forme intransitive: les livres se sont bien vendus = the books have sold well

être = aller

Lorsqu'il signifie aller, être se traduit par to be en anglais, mais seulement s'il est directement suivi d'un complément de lieu: je n'ai jamais été en Chine = I've never been to China. Suivi d'un infinitif, il se rend par to go to: il a été voir son ami = he's gone to see his friend; j'ai été manger au restaurant = I went to eat in the restaurant

Dans le sens de s'en aller, on notera les tournures recherchées: ils s'en furent au théâtre = they went to the theatre; ils s'en furent (déçus) = they left (disappointed)

c'est

interrogation

est-ce, ou sa variante plus familière c'est, se traduit généralement par is it: est-ce leur fils/voiture? = is it their son/car?; c'est grave? = is it serious?; c'est toi ou ton frère? = is it you or your brother?

Quand ce garde sa valeur démonstrative, l'anglais précise la référence: est-ce clair? = is that clear?; qui est-ce? ( en montrant une personne) = who is he/she?; et aussi = who is that?; mais, en parlant de quelqu'un qui vous appelle au téléphone, ou à quelqu'un qui frappe à la porte: = who is it?

est-ce n'est généralement pas traduit dans les tournures emphatiques ou permettant d'éviter l'inversion du sujet: est-ce que tu parles russe? = do you speak Russian?; est-ce leur fils, ce garçon? is this boy their son?; qui est-ce qui l'a fait? = who did it?; qui est-ce que tu as rencontré? = who did you meet?; quand/où est-ce que tu manges? = when/where do you eat?; qu'est-ce que c'est? = what is it?, ou, comme vu plus haut, = what is this/that? selon qu'on montre un objet proche ou éloigné

Néanmoins, la tournure emphatique est également possible en anglais dans certaines expressions: qu'est-ce que j'entends? = what's this I hear?; est-ce bien ce qu'il a voulu dire? = is that what he really meant?

affirmation

c'est se traduit, selon les contextes, it is ( it's), this is, that is ( that's): c'est facile ( de critiquer) = it's easy; (ce que tu me demandes, ce travail) = that's easy; c'est moi (réponse à ‘qui est-ce?’) = it's me; (réponse à ‘qui le fait?’) = I do; (réponse à ‘qui l'a fait?’) = I did; (pour me désigner sur une photo, ou comme étant le personnage dont il est question) = that's me ( traduit également ça, c'est moi); c'est Mme Fox (qui téléphone, réponse à ‘qui est-ce?’) = it's Mrs Fox; (réponse à ‘qui le fait?’) = Mrs Fox ou Mrs Fox does; (réponse à ‘qui l'a fait?’) = Mrs Fox did; (que je montre, dont vous voulez parler) = that's Mrs Fox; c'est eux, ce sont eux (qui sont là-bas, que je montre) = it's them; ( qui le font) = they do; ( qui l'ont fait) = they did; ( qui arrivent) = here they are; ce sont mes enfants ( que je vous présente) = these are my children; ( qui sont là-bas) = they are my children; c'est cela = that's right; c'est ça! tu crois que je vais faire le travail tout seul? = what's this! do you think I'm going to do the work all by myself?

Lorsqu'il reprend un nom, un infinitif ou une proposition qui le précède c'est se traduit seulement par is: une étoile, c'est un réacteur nucléaire = a star is a nuclear reactor; réussir, c'est une question de volonté = to succeed is a question of will; sortir par ce temps, c'est de la folie = going out in this weather is sheer madness; eux, ce sont mes amis = they are my friends

De même, lorsque c'est que reprend un groupe nominal ou une proposition, il se traduit simplement par is that: le comique, c'est que... = the funny thing is that... On trouvera en général cette tournure sous l'entrée appropriée, comme comique, fort, importer etc

Lorsque c'est que sert à donner une explication il se rend généralement, et selon le temps, par it is that, it was that, mais aussi, pour insister sur l'explication, par it is/was because: si j'ai fait ça, c'est que je ne pouvais pas faire autrement = if I did that, it was because I couldn't do otherwise. ce n'est pas que se traduit la plupart du temps it is/was not that (la contraction est it's not plutôt que it isn't): ce n'est pas qu'il soit bête, mais... = it's not that he is stupid, but...

En corrélation avec un pronom relatif, c'est peut soit garder sa valeur de présentatif (voir plus haut) et se rendre par that's: c'est le journaliste qui m'a interviewé/que nous avons rencontré/dont je te parlais = that's the journalist who interviewed me/(that) we met/I was telling you about; c'est le château où je suis né = that's the castle where I was born; c'est ce qui me fait croire que... = that's what makes me think that...; c'est justement ce que je disais = that's exactly what I was saying; soit constituer une tournure emphatique qui se rend en anglais selon la nuance: c'est de la même femme que nous parlons = we're talking about the same woman; c'était d'en parler devant elle qui me gênait = talking about it in front of her was what made me feel uneasy ou what made me feel uneasy was talking about it in front of her; c'est lui/Paul qui l'a cassé ( je le dénonce) = he/Paul broke it; ( je l'accuse) = he/Paul is the one who broke it; c'est mon frère qui l'a écrit = it was my brother who wrote it ou my brother's the one who wrote it; c'est de ta soeur que je parlais, pas de toi = it was your sister I was talking about, not you; c'est cette voiture qui m'intéresse = this is the car (that) I am interested in; c'est lui le coupable = he is the culprit; ce sont eux les meurtriers = they are the murderers

c'est à suivi d'un infinitif se traduit parfois par it is suivi de l'adjectif correspondant si cette même transformation est possible en français ( c'est à désespérer = c'est désespérant = it's hopeless), mais c'est rare, et il est conseillé de se reporter à l'infinitif en question ou à l'un des autres termes obtenus à partir de transformations semblables

c'est à... de faire (ou parfois à faire) se traduira de deux manières: c'est à Pierre/lui de choisir ( c'est son tour) it's Pierre's/his turn to choose; ( c'est sa responsabilité) it's up to Pierre/to him to choose

La notion de rivalité contenue dans c'est à qui suivi du futur doit être rendue explicite en anglais: c'est à qui proposera le plus de réformes = each is trying to suggest more reforms than the other; c'était à qui des deux aurait le dernier mot = they were each trying to get in the last word; c'était à qui trouverait le plus d'erreurs dans le texte = they were vying with each other to find the most mistakes in the text

c'est, équivalent de ça fait dans le compte d'une somme, se rend par it is: c'est 200 francs = it's 200 francs; c'est combien? = how much is it?

ce sera avec valeur modale de ce doit être se traduit it must be: ce sera mon professeur de piano = it must be my piano teacher

être = verbe impersonnel

il est facile de critiquer = it is easy to criticize; il serait nécessaire de faire = it would be necessary to do; il est des gens bizarres = there are some strange people; il n'est pas de jour/d'heure sans qu'il se plaigne = not a day/an hour goes by without him complaining

On se référera par ailleurs aux notes d'usage concernant l'heure et la date; voir aussi les entrées temps et fois

il est à suivi d'un infinitif se rend différemment, selon les nuances qu'imposent le contexte, par it must be, it has to be, it should be, it can be suivis du participe passé. Pour plus de sûreté, on se reportera à l'infinitif en question, où cette construction est généralement traitée

il est de suivi d'un substantif ou d'un groupe nominal se rend souvent par it is suivi directement d'un adjectif ou d'un substantif précédé d'un déterminant (article, pronom): il est de coutume de faire (ou qu'on fasse) = it is customary ou the custom to do; il est de notre responsabilité de faire = it is our responsibility to do; mais ce n'est pas une règle absolue, et il est préférable de consulter des entrées telles que goût, règle, notoriété etc pour avoir des traductions adéquates. Voir également 1 Voir également 1 ci-dessous pour des exemples supplémentaires

Emplois avec en

en être

Certains cas sont traités sous la rubrique ‘être = verbe impersonnel’; d'autres, expressions figées, le sont sous l'entrée appropriée; voir par exemple poche et frais pour en être de sa poche/pour ses frais. Enfin, quand l'antéc édent de en est exprimé dans la phrase, l'expression est traitée plus bas sous être de: où en étais-je? = where was I?; je ne sais plus où j'en suis = I'm lost; où en es-tu de tes recherches? - j'en suis à mi-chemin/au début = how far have you got in your research? - I'm halfway through/at the beginning; elle a eu plusieurs amants/accidents: elle en est à son quatrième = she has had several lovers/accidents: this is her fourth; j'en suis à me demander si... = I'm beginning to wonder whether...; j'en étais à ne pouvoir distinguer le vrai du faux = I got to the point where I couldn't distinguish between truth and falsehood

être en

Suivie d'un substantif représentant un vêtement, l'expression peut être traduite to be in, mais on consultera l'entrée appropriée pour s'en assurer. Si l'on dit to be in uniform ou éventuellement to be wearing a uniform pour être en uniforme, l'anglais préfère généralement to be wearing a suit à to be in a suit pour être en costume (de même pour robe, tailleur etc). Dans le cas d'un déguisement, on a to be dressed up as: être en pirate = to be dressed up as a pirate

emplois avec y

j'y suis ( je vous comprends) = I'm with you; ( plus général mais un peu familier) = I get it; je n'y suis pas ( je ne comprends pas) = I don't get it; vous y êtes? (vous comprenez?) = are you with me?; (vous êtes prêt(e)?) = are you ready?; 20000 francs? vous n'y êtes pas! = 20,000 francs? you're a long way out!; tu n'y es pas, c'est plus compliqué que ça = you don't realize, it's a lot more complicated than that. Voir aussi les entrées y, adverbe de lieu, et pour

être + prépositions

La plupart des cas ( être dans, sur, devant, pour, après, avec etc) sont traités sous la préposition correspondante. Ne sont retenus ici que les cas particuliers de être à et être de

être à

Les cas où l'on peut faire l'ellipse de être ou le remplacer par un autre verbe sont traités sous la préposition à; ceux de en être à sous la rubrique ‘en être’, et ceux de c'est à sous la rubrique ‘c'est’

Les emplois de être à suivi d'un groupe nominal et signifiant ‘tendre vers’ sont généralement traités sous le substantif approprié, comme temps, hausse, agonie etc dans les expressions le temps est à la pluie, être à la hausse, être à l'agonie. De même, quand être à signifie un état, c'est sous le substantif ou adjectif approprié, comme bout, disposition, quai, vif etc, qu'on trouvera la ou les traductions de l'expression correspondante

Suivi d'un infinitif et signifiant devoir être, être à peut généralement se traduire, en observant les mêmes nuances qu'avec devoir, par must be, have to be ou should be suivi du participe passé du verbe anglais. Il reste conseillé de consulter l'infinitif en question, comme plaindre, prendre etc. On en trouve également un traitement succint sous les rubriques ‘être = verbe impersonnel' et ‘c'est'

Au sens de appartenir à, l'anglais utilise to be suivi du cas possessif quand le possesseur est un être animé ou d'un pronom possessif si celui-ci est représent é par un pronom objet. Si le cas possessif n'est pas d'usage, on utilise de préférence to belong to: ce livre est à moi/à mon frère = this book is mine/my brother's; ces dictionnaires sont au service de traduction = these dictionaries belong to the translation department; à qui est ce chien? = who does this dog belong to? ou whose dog is this? Voir 2 ci-dessous pour des exemples supplémentaires

être de

Quand elle exprime un état ou une situation, la tournure être de suivie d'un substantif sans déterminant est traduite sous le substantif en question, notamment avis, garde, service etc. De même, certaines expressions où la présence de déterminant est variable, comme dans être de mauvaise foi/d'une incroyable mauvaise foi sont traitées sous l'entrée appropriée, en l'occurrence, foi; voir aussi humeur, massacrante, poil etc

La construction être d'un/d'une suivie d'un adjectif substantivé ou d'un substantif exprimant une qualité ou un défaut peut généralement être rendue par to be so suivi de l'adjectif correspondant en anglais, si le substantif est seul: elle est d'un ridicule/d'une prétention! = she's so ridiculous/so pretentious!; si le substantif est qualifié, l'adjectif devient généralement un adverbe en anglais: il est d'une exquise courtoisie/d'une incompétence rare = he's exquisitely courteous/exceptionally incompetent; mais il n'est pas inutile de vérifier les traductions des adjectifs et substantifs à leur entrée avant de rendre cette construction

Au sens de participer à, faire partie de, la tournure être de se traduit de façon très variable (voir aussi partie): il est des nôtres ( il vient avec nous) = he's with us; (il est de notre clan, agit et pense comme nous) = he's one of us; serez-vous des nôtres? = will you be (coming) with us?; êtes-vous des nôtres? = are you coming with us? (ici, coming est nécessaire, pour éviter l'ambiguïté de are you with us?); les journalistes ne sont pas/ne seront pas du voyage = the journalists aren't coming/won't be coming on the trip; ils ont organisé une expédition mais je n'en étais pas = they organized an expedition but I wasn't part of it; il y avait un congrès mais il n'en était pas = there was a congress but he didn't take part

Suivi d'un infinitif et précédé de noms abstraits avec l'article défini ( l'idéal, l'essentiel etc) ou de superlatifs ( le plus simple), être de se traduit généralement par to be suivi de l'infinitif avec to: le plus simple serait de tout recommencer = the simplest thing to do would be to start all over again

* * *
ɛtʀ
1. nm

being

être humain — human being

2. vb (avec attribut)

1) (état, description) to be

Il est instituteur. — He's a teacher.

Vous êtes grand. — You're tall.

Vous êtes fatigué. — You're tired.

Je suis heureux. — I'm happy.

C'est moi! — It's me!

2) (appartenance)

être à qn — to be sb's, to belong to sb

Ce livre est à Paul. — This book is Paul's., This book belongs to Paul.

C'est à moi. — It's mine.

C'est à eux. — It's theirs.

C'est à lui de le faire. — It's up to him to do it.

3) (origine)

être de — to be from

Il est de Paris. — He is from Paris.

Il est des nôtres. — He is one of us.

4) (obligation, but)

être à (+ infinitif) C'est à réparer. — It needs repairing.

C'est à essayer. — You should try it.

Il est à espérer que... — It is to be hoped that...

3. vi

1) (= se trouver) to be

Je ne serai pas ici demain. — I won't be here tomorrow.

2) (date)

Nous sommes le 10 janvier. — It's the 10th of January., Today is the 10th of January.

3) (= faire partie) to be

être de ceux qui... — to be one of those who...

Il voulait en être. — He wanted to be part of it.

4) (= exister) to be

être ou ne pas être... — to be or not to be...

5) (autres locutions)

en être à qch (= avoir atteint) — to have got to sth, to have got as far as sth, (= être réduit à) to be reduced to sth

Nous en étions au dessert. — We had got to the dessert., We had got as far as dessert.

Il en est à faire des ménages pour vivre. — He's been reduced to doing cleaning jobs to earn a living.

en être pour ses frais — to get nothing for one's trouble

4. vb aux

1) (dans verbes composés) to have

être arrivé — to have arrived

être allé — to have gone

Il est parti. — He has left., He has gone.

Il n'est pas encore arrivé. — He hasn't arrived yet.

2) (forme passive) to be

être fait par — to be made by

Il a été promu. — He has been promoted.

5. vb impers

1) (avec attribut)

il est... — it is...

Il est impossible de le faire. — It's impossible to do it.

2) (pour dire l'heure)

Il est 10 heures. — It's 10 o'clock.

See:

est-ce que,

n'est-ce pas,

c'est-à-dire,

ce

* * *

I.

être ⇒ Note d'usage verb table: être vi

1 il n'est pas jusqu'à l'Antarctique qui ne soit pollué even the Antarctic is polluted; il en est de Pierre comme de Paul it is the same with Pierre as with Paul; voilà ce qu'il en est ( présentation) this is how it is; ( conclusion) that's how it is; il n'en est rien this isn't at all the case; il en sera toujours ainsi it will always be so; il en a été de même it was the same; qu'en est-il de…? what's the news on…?;

2 je suis à vous tout de suite/dans un instant I'll be with you right away/in a minute; je suis à vous I'm all yours; être à ce qu'on fait to have one's mind on what one is doing; elle est toujours à se plaindre she's always complaining;

3 il n'est plus euph he's no longer with us; ce temps n'est plus those days are gone; ces traditions ne sont plus these traditions are things of the past; fût-il duc/en cristal even if he were a duke/it were made of crystal, even were he a duke/were it made of crystal; n'était leur grand âge were it not for their advanced age, if it were not for their advanced age; ne serait-ce qu'en faisant if only by doing; ne fût-ce que pour la soulager/qu'un instant if only to relieve her/for a moment; fût-ce pour des raisons humanitaires if only on humanitarian grounds.

Idiome

on ne peut pas être et avoir été Prov you can't stay young forever.

II.

être nm

1 ( organisme vivant) being; être humain/vivant/surnaturel human/living/supernatural being; les êtres animés et inanimés animate and inanimate things; les êtres et les choses living things and objects; un être sans défense a defenceless^GB creature; ces plantes sont des êtres inférieurs these plants are inferior life-forms;

2 ( personne) person; un être d'exception an exceptional person; un être faible et timoré a weak and timorous person; les êtres qui doutent people who doubt; l'amitié entre deux êtres friendship between two people; un être cher or aimé a loved one; ce sont des êtres simples they're simple beings ou souls; son mari est un être sensible her husband is a sensitive soul;

3 ( nature intime) being; de tout son être [détester, souhaiter] with one's whole being; au fond de son être, elle savait que in the core of her being, she knew that; blessé au plus profond de son être hurt to the core; les êtres contradictoires qui vous habitent the conflicting selves within you;

4 Philos l'être being.

I

[ɛtr] nom masculin

1. BIOLOGIE & PHILOSOPHIE being

l'être PHILOSOPHIE being

être humain human being

être de raison rational being

être vivant living thing

2. RELIGION

l'être éternel ou infini ou suprême the Supreme Being

3. [personne] person

un être cher a loved one

4. [cœur, âme] being, heart, soul

je le crois de tout mon être I believe it with all my heart

II

[ɛtr] verbe intransitif

A.[EXPRIME L'EXISTENCE, LA RÉALITÉ]

1. [exister] to be, to exist

ne nie pas ce qui est don't deny the facts

si Dieu est if God exists

si cela est if (it is) so

mon fils n'est plus (littéraire) my son is no more (littéraire) ou has died ou passed away

la nounou la plus patiente qui soit the most patient nanny that ever was ou in the world

le plus petit ordinateur qui soit the tiniest computer ever

être ou ne pas être to be or not to be

on ne peut pas être et avoir été you only live once

2. MATHÉMATIQUES

soit une droite AB let AB be a straight line

B.[RELIE L'ATTRIBUT, LE COMPLÉMENT AU SUJET]

1. [suivi d'un attribut] to be

elle est professeur she's a teacher

je ne te le prêterai pas! — comment ou comme tu es! (familier) I won't lend it to you! — you see what you're like!

je suis comme je suis I am what I am

Bruno/ce rôle est tout pour moi Bruno/this part means everything to me

elle n'est plus rien pour lui she no longer matters to him

elle n'est plus ce qu'elle était she's not what she used to be

qui était-ce? who was it?

2. [suivi d'une préposition]

être à [se trouver à]: être à l'hôpital to be in hospital

je suis à la gare I'm at the station

cela fait longtemps que je ne suis plus à Paris I left Paris a long time ago

j'y suis, j'y reste here I am and here I stay

je n'y suis pour personne

a. [à la maison] I'm not at home for anyone

b. [au bureau] I won't see anybody

je suis à vous dans un instant I'll be with you in a moment

je suis à vous [je vous écoute] I'm all yours

la Sardaigne est au sud de la Corse Sardinia is (situated) south of Corsica

tout le monde est à la page 15/au chapitre 9? is everybody at page 15/chapter 9?

vous êtes (bien) au 01.40.06.24.08 this is 01 40 06 24 08

nous ne sommes qu'au début du tournoi the tournament has just started

être à [appartenir à]: ce livre est à moi the book's mine

être à [être occupé à]: il est tout à son travail he's busy with his work

être à [être en train de]: il est toujours à me questionner he's always asking me questions

être de [provenir de] to be from, to come from

être de [dater de]: l'église est du XVI^e the church is from ou dates back to the 16th century

la lettre est du 12 the letter's dated the 12th

les œufs sont d'hier the eggs were laid yesterday

être de [appartenir à] to belong to, to be a member of

Bruno est de sa famille Bruno is a member of her family ou is a relative of hers

être de [participer à]: je suis de mariage le mois prochain I've got (to go to) a wedding next month

qui est de corvée de vaisselle? who's on washing-up duty?

être de [se joindre à]: acceptez-vous d'être (un) des nôtres? would you care to join us?

être en [lieu]: être en prison/en France to be in prison/in France

être en [matériau]: la table est en chêne the table is made of oak

être en [pour exprimer l'état]: être en bonne santé to be in good health

les dossiers qui sont en attente the pending files

être sans: vous n'êtes pas sans savoir que... I'm sure you're aware that...

en être à: le projet n'en est qu'au début the project has only just started

où en es-tu avec Michel? how is it going with Michel?

j'en suis au moment où il découvre le trésor I've got to the part ou the bit where he discovers the treasure

où en étais-je? [après une interruption dans une conversation] where was I ?

où en sont les travaux? how's the work coming along?

en être à faire quelque chose: j'en suis à me demander si... I'm beginning to wonder if...

tu en es encore à lui chercher des excuses! — oh non, je n'en suis plus là! you're still trying to find excuses for him! — oh no, I'm past that!

ne plus savoir où l'on en est: je ne sais plus du tout où j'en suis dans tous ces calculs I don't know where I am any more with all these calculations

j'ai besoin de faire le point, je ne sais plus où j'en suis I've got to take stock, I've completely lost track of everything

y être [être prêt]: tout le monde y est? is everyone ready?

y être [comprendre]: tu te souviens bien de Marie, une petite brune! — ah, oui, j'y suis maintenant! but you must remember Marie, a brunette! — oh yes, I'm with you now!

je n'y suis pas du tout! I'm lost!

mais non, vous n'y êtes pas du tout! you don't understand!

en être (familier) , être de ceux-là (familier) [être homosexuel] to be one of them

3. [dans l'expression du temps] to be

nous sommes le 8/jeudi today is the 8th/Thursday

quel jour sommes-nous? what day is it today?

on était en avril it was April

C.[SUBSTITUT DE ALLER, PARTIR] to go

tu y as déjà été? have you already been there?

elle s'en fut lui porter la lettre (littéraire) she went to take him the letter

————————

[ɛtr] verbe impersonnel

1. [exister]

il est [il y a] (suivi d'un singulier) there is

(suivi d'un pluriel) there are

il était une fois un prince... once (upon a time) there was a prince...

s'il en est: un escroc s'il en est a crook if ever there was one

2. [pour exprimer l'heure]

il est 5 h it's 5 o'clock

quelle heure est-il? what time is it?

3. (soutenu & locution)

il en est ainsi de toutes les démocraties that's how it is in all democracies

on a dit que vous vouliez démissionner — il n'en est rien it was rumoured you wanted to resign — that's not true

il n'est que de: il n'est que de lire les journaux pour s'en rendre compte you only have to read the newspapers to be aware of it

————————

[ɛtr] verbe auxiliaire

1. [sert à former les temps composés]

je suis/j'étais descendu I came/had come down

serais-tu resté? would you have stayed?

2. [sert à former le passif]

des arbres ont été déterrés par la tempête trees were uprooted during the storm

3. [sert à exprimer une obligation]

ce dossier est à préparer pour lundi the file must be ready for Monday

cela est à prouver we have no proof of that yet

cela étant locution adverbiale

[dans ces circonstances] things being what they are

[cela dit] having said that

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > être

9 Language

   1) The Book of Nature Is Written in the Language of Mathematics

   Philosophy is written in that great book, the universe, which is always open, right before our eyes. But one cannot understand this book without first learning to understand the language and to know the characters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and the characters are triangles, circles, and other figures. Without these, one cannot understand a single word of it, and just wanders in a dark labyrinth. (Galileo, 1990, p. 232)

   2) Arranging Speech so as to Reply Appropriately

   It never happens that it [a nonhuman animal] arranges its speech in various ways in order to reply appropriately to everything that may be said in its presence, as even the lowest type of man can do. (Descartes, 1970a, p. 116)

   3) No Other Animal Has the Language Capacity of the Human

   It is a very remarkable fact that there are none so depraved and stupid, without even excepting idiots, that they cannot arrange different words together, forming of them a statement by which they make known their thoughts; while, on the other hand, there is no other animal, however perfect and fortunately circumstanced it may be, which can do the same. (Descartes, 1967, p. 116)

   4) Human Beings Do Not Live Only in the World of Objects

   Human beings do not live in the object world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reﬂection. The fact of the matter is that the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built on the language habits of the group.... We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (Sapir, 1921, p. 75)

   5) Language Powerfully Conditions All Our Thinking

   It powerfully conditions all our thinking about social problems and processes.... No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same worlds with different labels attached. (Sapir, 1985, p. 162)

   6) A List of Language Games

   [A list of language games, not meant to be exhaustive:]

   Giving orders, and obeying them- Describing the appearance of an object, or giving its measurements- Constructing an object from a description (a drawing)Reporting an eventSpeculating about an eventForming and testing a hypothesisPresenting the results of an experiment in tables and diagramsMaking up a story; and reading itPlay actingSinging catchesGuessing riddlesMaking a joke; and telling it

   Solving a problem in practical arithmeticTranslating from one language into another

   LANGUAGE Asking, thanking, cursing, greeting, and praying-. (Wittgenstein, 1953, Pt. I, No. 23, pp. 11 e-12 e)

   7) Language Constrains Certain Modes of Interpretation

   We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages.... The world is presented in a kaleidoscopic ﬂux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... No individual is free to describe nature with absolute impartiality but is constrained to certain modes of interpretation even while he thinks himself most free. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 153, 213-214)

   8) We Dissect Nature in Accordance with Our Native Languages

   We dissect nature along the lines laid down by our native languages.

   The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic ﬂux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar or can in some way be calibrated. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 213-214)

   9) The Forms of a Person's Thoughts Are Controlled by Unperceived Patterns of His Own Language

   The forms of a person's thoughts are controlled by inexorable laws of pattern of which he is unconscious. These patterns are the unperceived intricate systematizations of his own language-shown readily enough by a candid comparison and contrast with other languages, especially those of a different linguistic family. (Whorf, 1956, p. 252)

    10) The Analysis of Certain Types of Utterances

   It has come to be commonly held that many utterances which look like statements are either not intended at all, or only intended in part, to record or impart straightforward information about the facts.... Many traditional philosophical perplexities have arisen through a mistake-the mistake of taking as straightforward statements of fact utterances which are either (in interesting non-grammatical ways) nonsensical or else intended as something quite different. (Austin, 1962, pp. 2-3)

    11) The Dictionary of a Language Is a System of Concepts

   In general, one might define a complex of semantic components connected by logical constants as a concept. The dictionary of a language is then a system of concepts in which a phonological form and certain syntactic and morphological characteristics are assigned to each concept. This system of concepts is structured by several types of relations. It is supplemented, furthermore, by redundancy or implicational rules..., representing general properties of the whole system of concepts.... At least a relevant part of these general rules is not bound to particular languages, but represents presumably universal structures of natural languages. They are not learned, but are rather a part of the human ability to acquire an arbitrary natural language. (Bierwisch, 1970, pp. 171-172)

    12) Talk about the Evolution of the Language Capacity is Beside the Point

   In studying the evolution of mind, we cannot guess to what extent there are physically possible alternatives to, say, transformational generative grammar, for an organism meeting certain other physical conditions characteristic of humans. Conceivably, there are none-or very few-in which case talk about evolution of the language capacity is beside the point. (Chomsky, 1972, p. 98)

    13) The Development of Language

   [It is] truth value rather than syntactic well-formedness that chieﬂy governs explicit verbal reinforcement by parents-which renders mildly paradoxical the fact that the usual product of such a training schedule is an adult whose speech is highly grammatical but not notably truthful. (R. O. Brown, 1973, p. 330)

    14) Sentential and Conceptual Levels in Language

   he conceptual base is responsible for formally representing the concepts underlying an utterance.... A given word in a language may or may not have one or more concepts underlying it.... On the sentential level, the utterances of a given language are encoded within a syntactic structure of that language. The basic construction of the sentential level is the sentence.

   The next highest level... is the conceptual level. We call the basic construction of this level the conceptualization. A conceptualization consists of concepts and certain relations among those concepts. We can consider that both levels exist at the same point in time and that for any unit on one level, some corresponding realizate exists on the other level. This realizate may be null or extremely complex.... Conceptualizations may relate to other conceptualizations by nesting or other specified relationships. (Schank, 1973, pp. 191-192)

    15) Linguistic Realities Have Not Yet Been Captured by Theoretical Models

   The mathematics of multi-dimensional interactive spaces and lattices, the projection of "computer behavior" on to possible models of cerebral functions, the theoretical and mechanical investigation of artificial intelligence, are producing a stream of sophisticated, often suggestive ideas.

   But it is, I believe, fair to say that nothing put forward until now in either theoretic design or mechanical mimicry comes even remotely in reach of the most rudimentary linguistic realities. (Steiner, 1975, p. 284)

    16) The Final Steps to Human Language

   The step from the simple tool to the master tool, a tool to make tools (what we would now call a machine tool), seems to me indeed to parallel the final step to human language, which I call reconstitution. It expresses in a practical and social context the same understanding of hierarchy, and shows the same analysis by function as a basis for synthesis. (Bronowski, 1977, pp. 127-128)

    17) The Inadequacy of Formal Linguistic Models for Ordinary Language Usage

    t is the language donn eґ in which we conduct our lives.... We have no other. And the danger is that formal linguistic models, in their loosely argued analogy with the axiomatic structure of the mathematical sciences, may block perception.... It is quite conceivable that, in language, continuous induction from simple, elemental units to more complex, realistic forms is not justified. The extent and formal "undecidability" of context-and every linguistic particle above the level of the phoneme is context-bound-may make it impossible, except in the most abstract, meta-linguistic sense, to pass from "pro-verbs," "kernals," or "deep deep structures" to actual speech. (Steiner, 1975, pp. 111-113)

    18) When a Language Is an Abstract Machine

   A higher-level formal language is an abstract machine. (Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 113)

    19) Metaphor and Metonymy Underpin the Formation of Linguistic Signs

   Jakobson sees metaphor and metonymy as the characteristic modes of binarily opposed polarities which between them underpin the two-fold process of selection and combination by which linguistic signs are formed.... Thus messages are constructed, as Saussure said, by a combination of a "horizontal" movement, which combines words together, and a "vertical" movement, which selects the particular words from the available inventory or "inner storehouse" of the language. The combinative (or syntagmatic) process manifests itself in contiguity (one word being placed next to another) and its mode is metonymic. The selective (or associative) process manifests itself in similarity (one word or concept being "like" another) and its mode is metaphoric. The "opposition" of metaphor and metonymy therefore may be said to represent in effect the essence of the total opposition between the synchronic mode of language (its immediate, coexistent, "vertical" relationships) and its diachronic mode (its sequential, successive, lineal progressive relationships). (Hawkes, 1977, pp. 77-78)

    20) Language and the Analysis of Nature

   It is striking that the layered structure that man has given to language constantly reappears in his analyses of nature. (Bronowski, 1977, p. 121)

    21) Correspondence Rules for Mapping Old Theory into Subsets of New Theory

   First, [an ideal intertheoretic reduction] provides us with a set of rules"correspondence rules" or "bridge laws," as the standard vernacular has it-which effect a mapping of the terms of the old theory (T o) onto a subset of the expressions of the new or reducing theory (T n). These rules guide the application of those selected expressions of T n in the following way: we are free to make singular applications of their correspondencerule doppelgangers in T o....

   Second, and equally important, a successful reduction ideally has the outcome that, under the term mapping effected by the correspondence rules, the central principles of T o (those of semantic and systematic importance) are mapped onto general sentences of T n that are theorems of Tn. (P. Churchland, 1979, p. 81)

    22) The Inclusion of Non- linguistic Factors in a Theory of Grammar

   If non-linguistic factors must be included in grammar: beliefs, attitudes, etc. [this would] amount to a rejection of the initial idealization of language as an object of study. A priori such a move cannot be ruled out, but it must be empirically motivated. If it proves to be correct, I would conclude that language is a chaos that is not worth studying.... Note that the question is not whether beliefs or attitudes, and so on, play a role in linguistic behavior and linguistic judgments... [but rather] whether distinct cognitive structures can be identified, which interact in the real use of language and linguistic judgments, the grammatical system being one of these. (Chomsky, 1979, pp. 140, 152-153)

    23) Language Is Inevitably Inﬂuenced by Specific Contexts of Human Interaction

   Language cannot be studied in isolation from the investigation of "rationality." It cannot afford to neglect our everyday assumptions concerning the total behavior of a reasonable person.... An integrational linguistics must recognize that human beings inhabit a communicational space which is not neatly compartmentalized into language and nonlanguage.... It renounces in advance the possibility of setting up systems of forms and meanings which will "account for" a central core of linguistic behavior irrespective of the situation and communicational purposes involved. (Harris, 1981, p. 165)

    24) The Genetic Blueprints of Language

   By innate [linguistic knowledge], Chomsky simply means "genetically programmed." He does not literally think that children are born with language in their heads ready to be spoken. He merely claims that a "blueprint is there, which is brought into use when the child reaches a certain point in her general development. With the help of this blueprint, she analyzes the language she hears around her more readily than she would if she were totally unprepared for the strange gabbling sounds which emerge from human mouths. (Aitchison, 1987, p. 31)

    25) Languages Are Machines

   Looking at ourselves from the computer viewpoint, we cannot avoid seeing that natural language is our most important "programming language." This means that a vast portion of our knowledge and activity is, for us, best communicated and understood in our natural language.... One could say that natural language was our first great original artifact and, since, as we increasingly realize, languages are machines, so natural language, with our brains to run it, was our primal invention of the universal computer. One could say this except for the sneaking suspicion that language isn't something we invented but something we became, not something we constructed but something in which we created, and recreated, ourselves. (Leiber, 1991, p. 8)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Language

10 corriente

adj.

1 ordinary, normal (normal).

un reloj normal y corriente an ordinary watch

corriente y moliente (informal) run-of-the-mill

2 running (agua).

3 current (mes, año, cuenta).

4 usual, customary.

f.

1 current.

le dio la corriente al tocar el enchufe she got an electric shock when she touched the socket

corriente alterna/continua alternating/direct current

la corriente del Golfo the Gulf Stream

2 draught (British), draft (United States).

3 trend, current (tendencia).

corriente de pensamiento school of thought

4 electric current, current, power, electricity.

5 tide.

6 flumen.

* * *

corriente

► adjetivo

1 (común) ordinary, average

■ personas corrientes ordinary people

■ una familia corriente an average family

■ lo corriente es hablarlo primero the usual thing is to talk it over first

2 (agua) running

3 (fecha) current, present

■ el cinco del corriente mes the fifth of the current month, the fifth of this month

4 (cuenta) current

► nombre masculino

1 (mes) current month, this month

► nombre femenino

1 (masa de agua) current, stream, flow

2 (de aire) draught (US draft)

3 ELECTRICIDAD current

4 (de arte etc) trend, current, school

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

al corriente (actualizado) up to date 2 (enterado) aware 3 (informado) informed, in the know

■ ¿estás al corriente de los pagos? are you up to date with the payments?

■ ¿estás al corriente de lo que ha pasado? do you know what's happened?

corriente y moliente familiar ordinary, run-of-the-mill

dejarse llevar por la corriente figurado to follow the herd, go with the flow

ir contra corriente / navegar contra corriente figurado to go against the tide

llevarle la corriente a alguien / seguirle la corriente a alguien to humour (US humor) somebody

poner al corriente to bring up to date, put in the picture

ponerse al corriente to get up to date, catch up

salirse de lo corriente to be out of the ordinary

tener al corriente to keep informed

corriente abajo downstream

corriente alterna alternating current

corriente arriba upstream

Corriente del Golfo Gulf Stream

corriente sanguínea bloodstream

* * *
1. adj.
1) common

2) ordinary
2. noun f.
1) current

2) draft

3) tendency, trend

* * *

1. ADJ

1) (=frecuente) [error, apellido] common

las intoxicaciones son bastante corrientes en verano — cases of food poisoning are fairly common in summer

la cocaína era corriente en sus fiestas — cocaine was commonly used o commonplace was at their parties

aquí es corriente que la policía te pida la documentación — here it's quite common for the police to ask you for identification

una combinación de cualidades que no es corriente encontrar en una misma persona — a combination of qualities not commonly o often found in the same person

un término de uso corriente — a common term, a term in common use

• poco corriente — unusual

2) (=habitual) usual, customary

lo corriente es llamar antes de venir — the usual thing is to phone before coming, it's customary to phone before coming

es corriente que la familia de la novia pague la boda — it's customary for the bride's family to pay for the wedding, the bride's family usually pays for the wedding

3) (=no especial) ordinary

no es nada especial, es solo un anillo corriente — it's nothing special, it's just an ordinary ring

• fuera de lo corriente — out of the ordinary

• normal y corriente — perfectly ordinary

• salirse de lo corriente — to be out of the ordinary

- corriente y moliente

tiene un trabajo corriente y moliente — he has a very ordinary job, he has a run-of-the-mill job

4) [en curso] [déficit, mes, año] current

el día 2 del corriente mes de marzo — (on) the second of this month
cuenta 4), gasto 2), moneda 2)
5) [agua] running

6) † (=en regla) in order

tiene corriente la documentación — his papers are in order

todo está corriente para nuestra partida — everything is ready o fixed up for our departure

• estar o ir corriente en algo — to be up to date with sth

está corriente en los pagos — he is up to date with his payments

2. SM

1)

• al corriente —

a) (=al día) up to date

estoy al corriente de mis pagos a Hacienda — I'm up to date with o on my tax payments

• poner algo al corriente — to bring sth up to date

b) (=informado)

• estar al corriente (de algo) — to know (about sth)

puedes hablar sin miedo, ya estoy al corriente — you can talk freely, I know (all) about it

¿estaba usted al corriente? — did you know (about it)?

• mantener a algn al corriente (de algo) — to keep sb up to date (on sth), keep sb informed (about sth)

• poner a algn al corriente (de algo) — to bring sb up to date (on sth), inform sb (about sth)

• ponerse al corriente (de algo) — to get up to date (with sth), catch up (on sth)

• tener a algn al corriente (de algo) — to keep sb up to date (on sth), keep sb informed (about sth)

2) [en cartas]

el día 9 del corriente o de los corrientes — the 9th of this month

3. SF

1) [de fluido] current

la corriente lo arrastraba hacia el mar — the current was carrying him out to sea

- dejarse llevar por la corriente

- ir o navegar o nadar contra la corriente

- seguir la corriente a algn

cuando se pone a hablar así es mejor seguirle la corriente — when he starts talking like that it's best to humour him

corriente de agua — stream of water

corriente de Humboldt — Humboldt Current

corriente de lava — lava flow, stream of lava

corriente del Golfo — Gulf Stream

corriente sanguínea — bloodstream

corriente submarina — undercurrent, underwater current

2) [de aire] draught, draft (EEUU)

hay mucha corriente — it's very draughty

corriente de aire — [gen] draught, draft (EEUU); (Téc) air current, air stream

corriente en chorro — jet stream

corriente térmica — thermal

3) (Elec) current

anoche se cortó la corriente — there was a power cut last night

el cable tiene corriente — the wire is live

• dar corriente, no toques ese cable que da corriente — don't touch that wire, it's live

me dio (la) corriente — I got a shock, I got an electric shock

corriente alterna — alternating current

corriente continua — direct current

corriente difásica — two-phase current

corriente directa — direct current

corriente eléctrica — electric current

corriente trifásica — three-phase current

4) (=tendencia) [ideológica] tendency; [artística] trend

una corriente más radical dentro del partido — a more radical tendency within the party

la corriente renovadora de la derecha — the trend towards renewal on the Right

las corrientes modernas del arte — modern trends in art

corriente de opinión — current of opinion

corriente de pensamiento — school of thought

* * *
I
adjetivo

1) ( que ocurre con frecuencia) common; (normal, no extraño) usual, normal

es un error muy corriente — it's a very common mistake

un método poco corriente — a method not much used

lo corriente es pagar al contado — the normal thing is to pay cash

un coche/tipo normal y corriente — an ordinary car/guy

una persona poco corriente — he's rather out of the ordinary

es de una belleza poco corriente — she's unusually beautiful

2)

a) ( en curso) <mes/año> current

el día tres del corriente — the third of this month

su atenta carta del 7 del corriente — (frml) your letter of the 7th of this month

b)

al corriente: estoy al corriente en todos los pagos I'm up to date with all the payments; empezó con retraso pero se ha puesto al corriente she started late but she has caught up; tener or mantener a alguien al corriente de algo — to keep somebody informed o (colloq) posted about something
II
femenino

1) ( de agua) current

corrientes marinas — ocean currents

dejarse arrastrar or llevar por la corriente — to go along with the crowd

ir or nadar or navegar contra (la) corriente — to swim against the tide

seguirle la corriente a alguien — to humor somebody

2) ( de aire) draft (AmE), draught (BrE)

aquí hay or hace mucha corriente — there's a terrible draft in here

3) ( tendencia) trend

las corrientes de la moda — the trends in fashion

una corriente de pensamiento — a school of thought

una corriente de opinión — a current of opinion

4) (Elec) current

me dio (la) corriente — I got a shock o an electric shock

se cortó la corriente — there was a power cut

no hay corriente — there's no electricity

•

- corriente alterna/continua

* * *
I
adjetivo

1) ( que ocurre con frecuencia) common; (normal, no extraño) usual, normal

es un error muy corriente — it's a very common mistake

un método poco corriente — a method not much used

lo corriente es pagar al contado — the normal thing is to pay cash

un coche/tipo normal y corriente — an ordinary car/guy

una persona poco corriente — he's rather out of the ordinary

es de una belleza poco corriente — she's unusually beautiful

2)

a) ( en curso) <mes/año> current

el día tres del corriente — the third of this month

su atenta carta del 7 del corriente — (frml) your letter of the 7th of this month

b)

al corriente: estoy al corriente en todos los pagos I'm up to date with all the payments; empezó con retraso pero se ha puesto al corriente she started late but she has caught up; tener or mantener a alguien al corriente de algo — to keep somebody informed o (colloq) posted about something
II
femenino

1) ( de agua) current

corrientes marinas — ocean currents

dejarse arrastrar or llevar por la corriente — to go along with the crowd

ir or nadar or navegar contra (la) corriente — to swim against the tide

seguirle la corriente a alguien — to humor somebody

2) ( de aire) draft (AmE), draught (BrE)

aquí hay or hace mucha corriente — there's a terrible draft in here

3) ( tendencia) trend

las corrientes de la moda — the trends in fashion

una corriente de pensamiento — a school of thought

una corriente de opinión — a current of opinion

4) (Elec) current

me dio (la) corriente — I got a shock o an electric shock

se cortó la corriente — there was a power cut

no hay corriente — there's no electricity

•

- corriente alterna/continua

* * *

corriente¹

¹ = tide, draught [draft, -USA], groundswell, flow, stream.

Ex: What has happened is that yet another institution has so overlapped with our own that we are being swept along on the tide of the technological revolution.

Ex: Perhaps the sociological light was extinguished by the political draught of the time.

Ex: The groundswell of movement towards integrating previously unrelated technologies and markets is now gathering a reasonable head of steam.

Ex: The vocabulary used in conjunction with PRECIS is split in two sections, one part for Entities (or things) and the other for Attributes (properties of things, for example colour, weight; activities of things, for example flow, and properties of activities, for example, slow, turbulent).

Ex: Voters felt the stream of news coming out of London had little to do with ordinary people.

* agua corriente = running water.

* con corrientes de aire = draughty [drafty, -USA].

* corriente abajo = downstream.

* corriente + arrastrar = wash up.

* corriente arriba = upstream.

* corriente de agua = water body [waterbody].

* corriente de aire = air current, draught [draft, -USA].

* corriente de chorro, la = jet stream, the.

* corriente en chorro, la = jet stream, the.

* corriente oceánica = ocean current.

* corriente sanguínea, la = bloodstream, the.

* llevarle la corriente a Alguien = play along with.

* seguirle la corriente a Alguien = play along with.

corriente²

² = stream, electricity supply, mains electricity.

Ex: If no such standards can be observed then, it would seem, romantic fiction along with westerns and detective stories must be regarded as some sort of cul-de-sac and rather stagnant backwater quite separate from the main stream of 'literature'.

Ex: Europe and Australia (where experimental transmissions have been going on for some time) have a 50 Hz electricity supply, 625 line transmissions, and two non-compatible colour systems, PAL and SECAM.

Ex: Every electrical appliance that connects to mains electricity has a fuse, usually in the plug.

* adaptador de corriente = power adapter, mains adapter.

* cable con corriente = live wire.

* corriente alterna = alternating current (AC).

* corriente eléctrica = electrical current, electric current, electrical power.

* Corriente Eléctrica Ininterrumpida (CEI) = Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS).

* corte de corriente = power cut, power failure.

* corte de la corriente eléctrica = power failure, power cut.

* luchar contra corriente = labour + against the grain.

* regulador de corriente = current regulator.

* seguridad contra corrientes eléctricas = electrical security.

* toma de corriente = outlet, socket, socket outlet, light socket.

* transformador de corriente = mains adapter, power adapter.

corriente³

³ = trend, strand, current, movement.

Ex: Current trends favour cataloguing practices which can be applied to a variety of library materials.

Ex: This article gives a brief history of the two main strands in the development of bibliotherapy, or healing through books, in the USA.

Ex: This article examines the political shoals, currents, and rip tides associated with off campus library programmes and suggests that awareness and involvement are key ways to avoid running aground.

Ex: The cathedral-like hush contrasted strangely with the clamor and movement outside.

* contracorriente = cross-current.

* corriente de pensamiento = trend of thought, stream of consciousness.

* corriente dominante = mainstream.

* corriente, lo = the normal run of.

* corriente principal = mainstream.

* dejarse arrastrar por la corriente = go with + the flow, go along with + the flow.

* dejarse llevar por la corriente = go with + the flow, go along with + the flow.

* en la corriente principal de = in the mainstream of.

* ir con la corriente = go with + the flow, go along with + the flow.

* ir en contra de la corriente = go against + the flow.

* seguir la corriente = go with + the flow, go along with + the flow.

corriente⁴

⁴ = ordinary, plain [plainer -comp., plainest -sup.], run-of-the-mill, everyday.

Ex: Control is exercised over which terms are used, but otherwise the terms are ordinary words.

Ex: He went on to explain that while there were no unsightly slums, there was a fairly large district of rather nondescript homes intermingled with plain two- and three-family brick and frame dwellings, principally in the eastern reaches of the city.

Ex: Guides are almost always worth thinking of as the first type of bibliography to search when it is a quick check of run-of-the-mill bibliographical facts which is required.

Ex: We have too much invested, and the new systems too intimately integrated into the everyday operation of the library, for us to assume any longer that we can temper their influence on emerging standards.

* al corriente = in step, paid-up, in good standing.

* al corriente de = in step with.

* catalogación corriente = current cataloguing.

* común y corriente = unremarkable.

* corriente y moliente = run-of-the-mill.

* cuenta corriente = current account, checking account, deposit account.

* día corriente = ordinary day.

* estar al corriente = monitor + developments.

* gente común y corriente, la = common people, the.

* gente corriente, la = ordinary people.

* hombre corriente, el = common man, the.

* mantenerse al corriente = keep + current.

* mantenerse al corriente de = keep + abreast of, stay + abreast of.

* normal y corriente = unremarkable.

* ponerse al corriente = come up to + speed.

* ponerse al corriente de = catch up with, catch up on.

* puesta al corriente = update [up-date].

* * *

corriente¹

adjective

A (que ocurre con frecuencia) common; (normal, no extraño) usual, normal

es un error muy corriente it's a very common mistake

ese tipo de robo es muy corriente en esta zona robberies like that are commonplace o very common o an everyday occurrence in this area

un método poco corriente en la actualidad a method not much used nowadays

lo corriente es efectuar el pago por adelantado the normal thing is to pay in advance, normally o usually you pay in advance

un cuchillo normal y corriente an ordinary o a common-or-garden knife

es un tipo de lo más corriente he's just an ordinary guy ( colloq)

es una tela muy corriente it's a very ordinary material

corriente y moliente ( fam); ordinary, run-of-the-mill

es un vestido corriente y moliente it's just an ordinary dress

nos hizo una comida corriente y moliente the meal he cooked us was very ordinary o run-of-the-mill

B

1 (en curso) ‹mes/año› current

la inauguración está prevista para el día tres del corriente or de los corrientes the opening is planned for the third of this month

su atenta carta del 7 del corriente ( frml); your letter of the 7th of this month o ( frml) the 7th inst

2

al corriente: estoy al corriente en todos los pagos I'm up to date with all the payments

empezó el curso con retraso pero se ha puesto al corriente she started the course late but she has caught up

quiero que me tengan or mantengan al corriente de las noticias que se reciban I want to be kept informed o ( colloq) posted about any news that comes in

ya está al corriente de lo que ha pasado she already knows what's happened

corriente²

feminine

A (de agua) current

corrientes marinas ocean currents

dejarse arrastrar or llevar por la corriente to go along with o follow the crowd

ir or nadar or navegar contra (la) corriente to swim against the tide

seguirle la corriente a algn to humor sb, play along with sb

Compuestos:

● corriente de la conciencia

stream of consciousness

● Corriente de Humboldt

Humboldt Current

● Corriente del Golfo

Gulf Stream

● corriente del pensamiento

( Psic) stream of conciousness

B (de aire) draft ( AmE), draught ( BrE)

cierra la ventana que hay mucha corriente shut the window, there's a terrible draft

C (tendencia) trend

las nuevas corrientes de la moda the latest trends in fashion

una corriente de pensamiento a school of thought

una corriente de opinión contraria a esta tesis a current of opinion at odds with this idea

D ( Elec) current

una corriente de 10 amperios a 10 amp current

me dio (la) corriente or ( Col) me cogió la corriente I got a shock o an electric shock

se cortó la corriente en toda la calle there was a power cut which affected the whole street

no hay corriente en la casa there's no electricity o power in the house

Compuestos:

● corriente alterna

alternating current, AC

● corriente continua

direct current, DC

● corriente difásica

two-phase current

● corriente eléctrica

electric current

● corriente trifásica

three-phase current

* * *

corriente adjetivo
1 ( que se da con frecuencia) common;
(normal, no extraño) usual, normal;
◊ es un error muy corriente it's a very common mistake;

lo corriente es pagar al contado the normal thing is to pay cash;
un tipo normal y corriente an ordinary guy;
corriente y moliente (fam) ordinary, run-of-the-mill
2
a) ( en curso) ‹mes/año› current

b)

◊ al corriente: estoy al corriente en los pagos I'm up to date with the payments;

empezó con retraso pero se ha puesto al corriente she started late but she has caught up;
mantener a algn al corriente de algo to keep sb informed about sth
■ sustantivo femenino
a) ( de agua) current;

◊ corrientes marinas ocean currents;

dejarse llevar por la corriente to go along with the crowd;
seguirle la corriente a algn to humor^{( conjugate humor)} sb
b) ( de aire) draft (AmE), draught (BrE)

c) (Elec) current;

◊ me dio (la) corriente I got a shock o an electric shock;

se cortó la corriente there was a power cut
corriente
I adjetivo
1 (común) common, ordinary
2 (agua) running
3 (actual, presente) current, present
4 Fin (cuenta) current
II sustantivo femenino
1 current, stream
2 Elec corriente eléctrica, (electric) current
3 (de aire) draught, US draft
3 (tendencia) trend, current
♦ Locuciones: estar al corriente, to be up-to-date
figurado ir o navegar contra corriente, to go against the tide
familiar seguirle o llevarle la corriente a alguien, to humour sb
' corriente' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
agua
- arrastrar
- cero
- común
- conducir
- continua
- continuo
- cortarse
- cualquiera
- cuenta
- deslizarse
- europeísta
- habitual
- homogeneizar
- llevarse
- marina
- marino
- toma
- torrente
- vulgar
- aire
- circular
- depositar
- derramar
- flujo
- mar
- normal
English:
abreast
- AC
- account
- catch up
- common
- commonplace
- crisps
- current
- current account
- DC
- direct current
- do
- draught
- electric current
- fill in
- flow
- going
- Gulf Stream
- have
- humour
- informed
- lie
- live wire
- mainstream
- ordinary
- play along
- potato chips
- power point
- resist
- run-of-the-mill
- running
- school
- still
- stream
- thermal
- tide
- touch
- turn off
- uncommon
- undercurrent
- unexceptional
- up-to-date
- usual
- acquainted
- alternating
- body
- checking account
- direct
- draft
- drift

* * *

corriente

♦ adj

1. [normal] ordinary, normal;
[frecuente] common;
es un alumno corriente he's an average pupil;

es un problema muy corriente it's a very common problem;

un reloj normal y corriente an ordinary watch;

una moto de lo más corriente a perfectly ordinary motorbike;

lo corriente es comerlo con palillos it's usually eaten with chopsticks;

lo corriente es recibir una respuesta a los pocos días it's normal o usual to receive a reply within a few days;

en Australia es corriente ver koalas por las calles in Australia you often see o it's not uncommon to see koala bears on the streets;

salirse de lo corriente to be out of the ordinary;

Comp
Fam
corriente y moliente run-of-the-mill

2. [agua] running

3. [cuenta] current

4. [mes, año] current;

en mayo del año corriente in May of this year

♦ nf

1. [de río] current;

corriente abajo downstream;

corriente arriba upstream;

Comp

dejarse llevar de o [m5] por la corriente to follow the crowd;

Comp

llevar o [m5] seguir la corriente a alguien to humour sb;

Comp

ir o [m5] nadar o [m5] navegar contra corriente to go against the tide;

Comp

nadar a favor de la corriente to go with the flow

Comp
corriente de convección convection current;
la corriente del Golfo the Gulf Stream;

la Corriente de Humboldt the Humboldt Current;

corriente de lava lava flow;

corriente marina ocean current;

corriente oceánica ocean current;

corriente de sangre bloodstream;

corriente sanguínea bloodstream;

corriente submarina underwater current

2. [de aire] Br draught, US draft;

en esta habitación hay mucha corriente this room is very draughty

Comp
Meteo corriente en chorro jet stream
3. corriente migratoria migratory current

4. [de electricidad] current;

toma de corriente socket;

media ciudad se quedó sin corriente half the city was left without electricity;

le dio la corriente al tocar el enchufe she got an electric shock when she touched the socket

Comp
corriente alterna alternating current;
corriente continua direct current;

corriente eléctrica electric current;

corriente trifásica three-phase current

5. [tendencia] trend, current;
[de opinión] tide;
las corrientes de la moda fashion trends;

las corrientes de pensamiento que llegan de Europa the schools of thought that are coming across from Europe;
Bolsa
una corriente alcista/bajista an upward/downward trend;

el representante de la corriente socialdemócrata en el partido the representative of the social democratic tendency in the party

♦ nm
[mes en curso]
el 10 del corriente the 10th of this month

♦ al corriente loc adv

estoy al corriente del pago de la hipoteca I'm up to date with my mortgage repayments;

estoy al corriente de la marcha de la empresa I'm aware of how the company is doing;

ya está al corriente de la noticia she has already heard the news;

mantener o [m5] tener a alguien al corriente de algo to keep sb informed about sth;

me mantengo al corriente de lo que ocurre en mi país I keep informed about what's going on in my country;

el profesor puso al corriente de las clases a su sustituto the teacher filled his replacement in on the classes;

tenemos que poner al corriente nuestras bases de datos we have to bring our databases up to date;

ponerse al corriente to bring oneself up to date

* * *

corriente

I adj

1 ( actual) current

2 ( común) ordinary;

corriente y moliente fam run-of-the-mill

3

:

estar al corriente be up to date;

poner alguien al corriente de algo bring s.o. up to date on sth

II f EL, de agua current;

corriente de aire draft, Br draught;

ir o

nadar contra la corriente fig swim against the tide;

llevar o

seguir a alguien la corriente play along with s.o.;

dejarse llevar por la corriente fig go with the flow

* * *

corriente adj

1) : common, everyday

2) : current, present

3) Mex : cheap, trashy

4)

perro corriente Mex : mutt

corriente nf

1) : current

corriente alterna: alternating current

direct current: corriente continua

2) : draft

3) tendencia: tendency, trend

* * *

corriente¹ adj

1. (normal) ordinary

no importa, sólo era un boli corriente it doesn't matter, it was just an ordinary biro

2. (común) common

los resfriados son corrientes en invierno colds are common in winter

corriente² n

1. (electricidad, agua) current

la corriente es muy fuerte the current is very strong

2. (de aire) draught

hay corriente y hace frío there's a draught and it's cold

estar al corriente de algo to know about something [pt. knew; pp. known]

tener a alguien al corriente to keep somebody informed [pt. & pp.> kept]

Spanish-English dictionary > corriente

11 know

I 1. [nəʊ]
verbo transitivo (pass. knew; p.pass. known)

1) (have knowledge of) conoscere [person, place, situation, system]; sapere, conoscere [answer, language, name, reason, truth, way]

to know sb. by name, sight — conoscere qcn. di nome, di vista

to know sth. by heart — sapere qcs. a memoria

to know how to do — sapere fare; (stressing method) sapere come fare

to know that... — sapere che...

you know what children are — sai come sono i bambini

to know sb., sth. as — conoscere qcn., qcs. come

Virginia known as Ginny to her friends — Virginia o Ginny per gli amici

to let it be known o to make it known that fare sapere che; it has been known to snow there hanno detto che lì nevica; if I know him se lo conosco; he is known to the police è conosciuto dalla polizia; as you well know come ben sai; (do) you know something? do you know what? (ma lo) sai? there's no knowing whether non si può sapere se; to know one's way around fig. sapersi togliere dagli impicci; to know one's way around a town sapersi orientare in una città; to know one's way around a computer sapersela cavare con i computer; I know what! you could... ho un'idea! potresti...; he knows nothing about it — non ne sa niente

2) (feel certain) essere sicuro, sapere

I knew it! — lo sapevo!

I don't know that I want to go really — non sono sicuro di volerci andare veramente

3) (realize) rendersi conto

you don't know how pleased I am — non sai quanto mi faccia piacere

don't I know it! — a chi lo dici!

4) (recognize) riconoscere (by, from da)

only their parents know one from the other — solo i genitori riescono a distinguerli

she knows a bargain when she sees one — sa riconoscere quando si tratta di un vero affare

"you are a stupid" "it takes one to know one" — "sei uno stupido" "tra stupidi ci si riconosce"

5) (acknowledge)

to be known for sth., for doing — essere conosciuto per qcs., per fare

6) (experience) conoscere [sadness, love]
2.
verbo intransitivo (pass. knew; p.pass. known)

1) (have knowledge) sapere, conoscere

as you know — come sapete

I wouldn't know — non saprei

to know about — (have information) essere al corrente di [ event]; (have skill) conoscere [computing, engines]

to know of — (from experience) conoscere; (from information) avere sentito parlare di

not that I know of — non che io sappia

to let sb. know of o about mettere qcn. a conoscenza di [ plans]; we'll let you know vi faremo sapere; how should I know! come faccio a saperlo! if you must know se proprio vuoi saperlo; if I were angry with you, you'd know about it se fossi arrabbiato con te, te ne accorgeresti; you know better than to argue with him hai di meglio da fare che metterti a discutere con lui; you ought to have known better non avresti dovuto farlo; he says he came home early but I know better — dice che è arrivato a casa presto ma conoscendolo non ci credo

2) (feel certain)

"he won't win" - "oh I don't know" — "non vincerà" - "non ne sono sicuro"

"I'll take the morning off" - "I don't know about that!" — "mi prenderò mezza giornata" - "non ne sarei così sicuro!"

I don't know about you but... — non so cosa ne pensi, ma

••

not to know what to do with oneself — non sapere cosa fare della propria vita

not to know where o which way to turn non sapere da che parte voltarsi; not to know whether one is coming or going — non sapere più che cosa si sta facendo
II [nəʊ]
nome

to be in the know (about sth.) — colloq. essere al corrente (di qcs.)

* * *
[nəu]
past tense - knew; verb

1) (to be aware of or to have been informed about: He knows everything; I know he is at home because his car is in the drive; He knows all about it; I know of no reason why you cannot go.) sapere

2) (to have learned and to remember: He knows a lot of poetry.) conoscere

3) (to be aware of the identity of; to be friendly with: I know Mrs Smith - she lives near me.) conoscere

4) (to (be able to) recognize or identify: You would hardly know her now - she has become very thin; He knows a good car when he sees one.) riconoscere

•

- knowing
- knowingly
- know-all
- know-how
- in the know
- know backwards
- know better
- know how to
- know the ropes
* * *
know /nəʊ/
n.

– (nella loc. fam.) in the know, al corrente; bene informato; addentro nella faccenda.
♦ (to) know /nəʊ/
(pass. knew, p. p. known)

A v. t.

1 conoscere; sapere: to know languages, conoscere (o sapere) le lingue; Do you know German?, conosci (o sai) il tedesco?; to know the answer, conoscere (o sapere) la risposta; to know a subject, conoscere un argomento; to know one's job, conoscere il proprio mestiere; to know the time, sapere che ora è; conoscere l'ora; to know all the facts, conoscere (o essere a conoscenza di, sapere) tutti i fatti; to know damn well, sapere benissimo; Do you know his address?, conosci (o sai) il suo indirizzo?; Everybody knows that, lo sanno tutti; How do you know?, come lo sai?; come fai a saperlo?; I'll let you know, te lo farò sapere; I know he is a good boy, so che è un bravo ragazzo; Do you know how much it costs?, sai quanto costa?; I don't know when she's arriving, non so quando arriverà; I know what I'm doing, so quello che faccio; I know you won't disappoint me, so che non mi deluderai; I knew ( that) he would say that, sapevo che avrebbe detto così; to get to know, imparare a conoscere; conoscere meglio (o più a fondo); venire a sapere; I know how it works, so come funziona; He is known to be in favour of it, è noto (o risaputo) che lui è favorevole; His dog has been known to attack strangers, si sa che il suo cane ha assalito gente che non conosceva

2 conoscere: Do you know his wife [this book]?, conosci sua moglie [questo libro]?; the world as we know it, il mondo così come lo conosciamo; We've known each other for years, ci conosciamo da anni

3 riconoscere: I'd know him anywhere, lo riconoscerei dovunque (o fra mille); I know a good athlete when I see one, so riconoscere un buon atleta

4 capire; rendersi conto: I knew at once something was wrong, capii subito che c'era qualcosa che non andava

5 conoscere; sperimentare; fare esperienza di: I have known better days, ho conosciuto giorni migliori; He has known poverty, ha conosciuto la miseria

6 – to know how, sapere; essere capace di: Do you know how to open this box?, sai aprire (o sei capace di aprire, sai come si apre) questa scatola?; I would do it if I knew how ( o if I knew the way), lo farei se sapessi come si fa (o se ne fossi capace)

7 (saper) distinguere: to know right from wrong, distinguere tra il bene e il male (o la ragione dal torto)

8 (arc.) conoscere ( in senso biblico)

B v. i.

sapere di; conoscere; essere informato di; essere a conoscenza di; avere notizia di; aver sentito parlare di: I know of a few cases like this one, so di alcuni casi come questo; I know of her, but I've never met her, ne ho sentito parlare, ma non l'ho mai incontrata; Do you know of any reason why he should have done it?, hai qualche idea del perché l'abbia fatto?; not that I know of, che io sappia no; non che io sappia; non mi risulta

● to know again, riconoscere □ (fam.) to know all the answers, sapere tutto; saperla lunga; essere un sapientone □ to know all there is to know about st., sapere tutto su qc. □ to know apart, saper distinguere ( tra due) □ (fam.) to know st. backwards, conoscere qc. alla perfezione (o a menadito) □ to know best, sapere ciò che è meglio; essere il miglior giudice □ to know better, sapere che le cose stanno altrimenti (o che non è così); ( anche) avere più buon senso (o criterio), aver imparato la lezione: If I didn't know better, I'd say that…, se non sapessi che le cose stanno altrimenti, direi che…; You should have known better, avresti dovuto usare un po' più di buon senso; I'll know better next time, la prossima volta saprò come comportarmi; la prossima volta me ne guarderò bene; to know better than that, sapere che non è così; sapere che non si deve fare qc.; to know better than to do st., non essere così sciocco (o sprovveduto) da fare qc.; avere abbastanza criterio (o buon senso) da non fare qc.; sapere che non si deve fare qc.; not to know any better, non avere buon senso; essere uno sprovveduto; non sapere quello che si fa (per ignoranza, immaturità, ecc.) □ to know one's business, conoscere il proprio mestiere; sapere il fatto proprio □ to know st. by heart, sapere qc. a memoria □ to know sb. by name [by sight], conoscere q. di nome [di vista] □ to know different, sapere che non è così (o che le cose non stanno così); scoprire che non è così □ not to know the first thing about st., non sapere niente di qc.; non intendersene affatto di qc.; essere ignorantissimo di qc. □ to know sb. for, conoscere q. come: I know him for a very approachable man, lo conosco come una persona molto disponibile □ to know for a fact that…, sapere per certo (o con certezza) che… □ (fam. USA) not to know from st., non intendersene di qc.; non sapere niente di qc. □ (fam. USA) not to know from nothing ( about), non sapere (o capire) niente (di); non intendersi minimamente (di) □ (fam.) not to know sb. from Adam, non avere mai visto né conosciuto q.; non sapere che faccia ha q. □ (fam. GB) to know how many beans make five, sapere il fatto proprio; essere sveglio □ to know st. inside out, conoscere a fondo qc. □ to know st. like the back of one's hand, conoscere qc. come le proprie tasche □ to know one's own mind, sapere quel che si vuole □ to know no bounds, non conoscere limiti □ to know oneself, conoscere se stesso; conoscersi: I know myself, io mi conosco; io so come son fatto; Know thyself!, conosci te stesso! □ (fam.) to know one's onions, sapere il fatto proprio □ to know otherwise = to know different ► sopra □ to know one's place, saper stare al proprio posto □ to know the ropes, essere pratico di qc.; sapere come funziona qc. □ (fam.) to know one's stuff, sapere il fatto proprio □ (fam.) to know a thing or two, saperne qualcosa; intendersene; saperla lunga (su qc.) □ to know one's way around, conoscere la strada; sapersi orientare; (fig.) sapere come muoversi □ to know what it is like to…, sapere per esperienza personale cosa significhi… □ (fam.) to know what's what, sapere il fatto proprio □ (volg.) You know what you can do with it!, sai cosa puoi farci? □ not to know what to do with oneself, non sapere cosa fare; non sapere comportarsi □ (fam.) not to know what hit one, avere una brutta sopresa; restarci secco (fam.); ( anche) morire senza nemmeno accorgersene □ (fam. USA) to know where it's at, conoscere il mondo; saperla lunga □ (fam. USA) to know where sb. is coming from, sapere come ragiona q. □ not to know where (o which way) to look, non sapere dove guardare ( dall'imbarazzo); non sapere dove andare a nascondersi □ (fig.) not to know which way to turn, non sapere a che santo votarsi; non sapere dove sbattere la testa □ to know who's who, conoscere tutti ( in un posto); ( anche) sapere vita, morte e miracoli di tutti □ as far as I know, per quel che ne so; che io sappia □ As if I didn't know him!, come se non lo conoscessi! □ to be known as, essere considerato; aver fama di essere; ( anche) esser noto come, essere conosciuto col nome di: He is known as a good pianist, è considerato un bravo pianista; He's known as The Captain, è noto come ‘il Capitano’ □ (fam.) before you know where you are, prima che tu possa dire ‘beh’; in men che non si dica □ to do all one knows, fare tutto il possibile; fare del proprio meglio □ Don't I know it!, se lo so!; a chi lo dici! □ I don't know that…, non sono sicuro di…; non so se… □ for all I know, per quanto (o quel che) ne so □ for reasons best known to himself, per un motivo noto solo a lui (o che sa solo lui) □ God (o Goodness, heaven) knows, Dio sa; ( anche escl.) lo sa Dio (o Iddio, il Cielo) □ How should I know?, come faccio a saperlo?; che vuoi che ne sappia io? □ How was I to know?, come potevo saperlo?; come potevo immaginare? □ I'll have you know that…, sappi che…; per tua informazione…; o per tua norma e regola… □ I knew it!, lo sapevo!; me l'aspettavo! □ (fam.) I know what, ho un'idea; so io che cosa fare □ to let it be known, far sapere; rendere noto □ to make oneself known, farsi un nome, farsi conoscere □ (form.) to make oneself known to sb., presentarsi a q. □ to make it known that…, rendere noto che… □ She's very pretty and doesn't she know it!, è molto bella, e sa di esserlo □ You don't know how, non sai (o non puoi immaginare) quanto □ (fam.) not to want to know, disinteressarsi di qc.; ignorare qc.; infischiarsene □ (fam.) What do you know ( about that)!, senti senti!; ma pensa un po'! □ Wouldn't you ( just) know?, lo sapevo io!; ci mancava questa! □ Wouldn't you like to know?, ti piacerebbe saperlo, eh! □ (fam.) you know (o, antiq., don't you know), sai ( come inter.) □ (fam.) You know what (o something)?, sai che ti dico?; sai una cosa? □ You never know, non si sa mai □ You never know your luck!, non si sa mai!; magari succede; può anche andare bene!

* * *
I 1. [nəʊ]
verbo transitivo (pass. knew; p.pass. known)

1) (have knowledge of) conoscere [person, place, situation, system]; sapere, conoscere [answer, language, name, reason, truth, way]

to know sb. by name, sight — conoscere qcn. di nome, di vista

to know sth. by heart — sapere qcs. a memoria

to know how to do — sapere fare; (stressing method) sapere come fare

to know that... — sapere che...

you know what children are — sai come sono i bambini

to know sb., sth. as — conoscere qcn., qcs. come

Virginia known as Ginny to her friends — Virginia o Ginny per gli amici

to let it be known o to make it known that fare sapere che; it has been known to snow there hanno detto che lì nevica; if I know him se lo conosco; he is known to the police è conosciuto dalla polizia; as you well know come ben sai; (do) you know something? do you know what? (ma lo) sai? there's no knowing whether non si può sapere se; to know one's way around fig. sapersi togliere dagli impicci; to know one's way around a town sapersi orientare in una città; to know one's way around a computer sapersela cavare con i computer; I know what! you could... ho un'idea! potresti...; he knows nothing about it — non ne sa niente

2) (feel certain) essere sicuro, sapere

I knew it! — lo sapevo!

I don't know that I want to go really — non sono sicuro di volerci andare veramente

3) (realize) rendersi conto

you don't know how pleased I am — non sai quanto mi faccia piacere

don't I know it! — a chi lo dici!

4) (recognize) riconoscere (by, from da)

only their parents know one from the other — solo i genitori riescono a distinguerli

she knows a bargain when she sees one — sa riconoscere quando si tratta di un vero affare

"you are a stupid" "it takes one to know one" — "sei uno stupido" "tra stupidi ci si riconosce"

5) (acknowledge)

to be known for sth., for doing — essere conosciuto per qcs., per fare

6) (experience) conoscere [sadness, love]
2.
verbo intransitivo (pass. knew; p.pass. known)

1) (have knowledge) sapere, conoscere

as you know — come sapete

I wouldn't know — non saprei

to know about — (have information) essere al corrente di [ event]; (have skill) conoscere [computing, engines]

to know of — (from experience) conoscere; (from information) avere sentito parlare di

not that I know of — non che io sappia

to let sb. know of o about mettere qcn. a conoscenza di [ plans]; we'll let you know vi faremo sapere; how should I know! come faccio a saperlo! if you must know se proprio vuoi saperlo; if I were angry with you, you'd know about it se fossi arrabbiato con te, te ne accorgeresti; you know better than to argue with him hai di meglio da fare che metterti a discutere con lui; you ought to have known better non avresti dovuto farlo; he says he came home early but I know better — dice che è arrivato a casa presto ma conoscendolo non ci credo

2) (feel certain)

"he won't win" - "oh I don't know" — "non vincerà" - "non ne sono sicuro"

"I'll take the morning off" - "I don't know about that!" — "mi prenderò mezza giornata" - "non ne sarei così sicuro!"

I don't know about you but... — non so cosa ne pensi, ma

••

not to know what to do with oneself — non sapere cosa fare della propria vita

not to know where o which way to turn non sapere da che parte voltarsi; not to know whether one is coming or going — non sapere più che cosa si sta facendo
II [nəʊ]
nome

to be in the know (about sth.) — colloq. essere al corrente (di qcs.)

English-Italian dictionary > know

12 ailleurs

ailleurs [ajœʀ]

adverb

( = autre part) somewhere else

• nulle part ailleurs nowhere else

• partout ailleurs everywhere else

• il a l'esprit ailleurs his thoughts are elsewhere

• une envie d'ailleurs a yearning for travel

► par ailleurs ( = autrement) otherwise ; ( = en outre) moreover

► d'ailleurs besides

• lui non plus d'ailleurs neither does (or is, has etc) he, for that matter

* * *
ajœʀ
1.

adverbe elsewhere

ici comme ailleurs — here as elsewhere

des artistes venus d'ailleurs — artists from other places

nulle part ailleurs — nowhere else

partout ailleurs — everywhere else

ici ou ailleurs, ça m'est égal — here or somewhere else, it's all the same to me

2.

d'ailleurs locution adverbiale besides, moreover, what's more

d'ailleurs, je n'étais pas là — besides, I wasn't there

il a fait des tentatives, d'ailleurs fort timides — he made some rather feeble attempts

l'excuse de mon mal de tête, d'ailleurs bien réel,... — the excuse of having a headache, which I might add was true,...

3.

par ailleurs locution adverbiale

par ailleurs, l'inflation a atteint un taux record — in addition, inflation has reached a record level

par ailleurs, je n'ai pas encore reçu les marchandises — may I also add that I have not yet received the goods

des efforts pour comprendre un problème par ailleurs complexe — efforts to understand a problem which is in some respects complex

••

être ailleurs, avoir l'esprit ailleurs — to be miles away

* * *
ajœʀ adv
elsewhere, somewhere else

partout ailleurs — everywhere else

nulle part ailleurs — nowhere else

ici comme ailleurs — here as elsewhere

avoir la tête ailleurs; Je n'ai pas vu le feu rouge, j'avais la tête ailleurs. — I didn't see the red light, my mind was elsewhere.

d'ailleurs (= du reste) — moreover, besides

par ailleurs (= d'autre part) — moreover, furthermore

* * *

ailleurs

A adv elsewhere; ici comme ailleurs here as elsewhere; des artistes venus d'ailleurs artists from other places; le problème est ailleurs the problem lies elsewhere; l'essentiel est ailleurs that's not the issue; ce qui se fait ailleurs what is done elsewhere; nulle part ailleurs nowhere else; partout ailleurs everywhere else; quelque part ailleurs somewhere else; ici ou ailleurs, ça m'est égal here or somewhere else, it's all the same to me; ⇒ voir.

B d'ailleurs loc adv besides, moreover, what's more; d'ailleurs, je n'étais pas là besides, I wasn't there; ils ont d'ailleurs reconnu les faits besides, they have acknowledged the facts; il a fait des tentatives, d'ailleurs fort timides he made some rather feeble attempts; l'excuse de mon mal de tête, d'ailleurs bien réel, m'a permis de partir plus tôt the excuse of having a headache, which I might add was true, allowed me to leave earlier.

C par ailleurs loc adv par ailleurs, l'inflation a atteint un taux record in addition, inflation has reached a record level; par ailleurs, je n'ai pas encore reçu les marchandises may I also add that I have not yet received the goods; des efforts pour comprendre un problème par ailleurs complexe efforts to understand a problem which is in some respects complex; ils se sont par ailleurs engagés à faire they have also undertaken to do.

Idiomes

être ailleurs, avoir l'esprit ailleurs to be miles away.

[ajɶr] adverbe

somewhere else, elsewhere

on ne trouve ça nulle part ailleurs you won't find that anywhere else

il est ailleurs! he's miles away!

————————

d'ailleurs locution adverbiale

1. [de toute façon] besides, anyway

d'ailleurs je sais bien que tu n'en veux pas besides, I know quite well that you don't want any

2. [de plus] what's more

je n'en sais rien et d'ailleurs je ne tiens pas à le savoir I don't know anything about it and what's more I don't want to know

3. [du reste] for that matter

je ne les aime pas, elle non plus d'ailleurs I don't like them, nor does she for that matter

4. [à propos] incidentally

nous avons dîné dans un restaurant, très bien d'ailleurs we had dinner in a restaurant which, incidentally, was very good

5. [bien que] although, while

par ailleurs locution adverbiale

1. [d'un autre côté] otherwise

2. [de plus] besides, moreover

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > ailleurs

13 state

1. noun
1) (condition) Zustand, der

state of the economy — Wirtschaftslage, die

the state of play — (Sport) der Spielstand

the state of play in the negotiations/debate — (fig.) der [gegenwärtige] Stand der Verhandlungen/Debatte

the state of things in general — die allgemeine Lage

the state of the nation — die Lage der Nation

a state of war exists — es herrscht Kriegszustand

be in a state of excitement/sadness/anxiety — aufgeregt/traurig/ängstlich sein

2) (mess)

what a state you're in! — wie siehst du denn aus!

3) (anxiety)

be in a state — (be in a panic) aufgeregt sein; (be excited) ganz aus dem Häuschen sein (ugs.)

get into a state — (coll.) Zustände kriegen (ugs.)

don't get into a state! — reg dich nicht auf! (ugs.)

4) (nation) Staat, der

[affairs] of State — Staats[geschäfte]

5) (federal state) (of Germany, Austria) Land, das; (of America) Staat, der

the [United] States — sing. die [Vereinigten] Staaten

6)

State — (civil government) Staat, der

7) (pomp) Prunk, der

in state — in vollem Staat

lie in state — aufgebahrt sein
2. attributive adjective
1) (of nation or federal state) staatlich; Staats[bank, -sicherheit, -geheimnis, -dienst]

state education — staatliches Erziehungswesen

2) (ceremonial) Staats-
3. transitive verb
1) (express) erklären; (fully or clearly) darlegen; äußern [Meinung]; angeben [Alter usw.]

‘please state full particulars’ — "bitte genaue Angaben machen"

2) (specify) festlegen

at stated intervals — in genau festgelegten Abständen

* * *
I [steit] noun
1) (the condition in which a thing or person is: the bad state of the roads; The room was in an untidy state; He inquired about her state of health; What a state you're in!; He was not in a fit state to take the class.) der Zustand

2) (a country considered as a political community, or, as in the United States, one division of a federation: The Prime Minister visits the Queen once a week to discuss affairs of state; The care of the sick and elderly is considered partly the responsibility of the state; ( also adjective) The railways are under state control; state-controlled / owned industries.) der Staat, Staats-...

3) (ceremonial dignity and splendour: The Queen, wearing her robes of state, drove in a horse-drawn coach to Westminster; ( also adjective) state occasions/banquets.) der Staat, Staats-...

•

- academic.ru/70394/stately">stately
- stateliness
- statesman
- statesmanlike
- statesmanship
- get into a state
- lie in state II [steit] verb
(to say or announce clearly, carefully and definitely: You have not yet stated your intentions.) erklären

- statement

* * *

state

[steɪt]

I. n

1. (existing condition) Zustand m

they complained about the untidy \state that the house had been left in sie beschwerten sich über die Unordnung, in der das Haus zurückgelassen worden war

the car was in a good \state of repair das Auto war in gutem Zustand

a sorry \state of affairs traurige Zustände

\state of liquidity FIN Liquiditätslage f

\state of the market COMM Marktverfassung

\state of siege/war Belagerungs-/Kriegszustand m

economic \state wirtschaftliche Lage

original \state ursprünglicher Zustand

2. (physical condition) körperliche [o physische] Verfassung

in a \state of dormancy im Schlafzustand

\state of exhaustion/fatigue Erschöpfungs-/Ermüdungszustand m

to be in a poor/good \state of health in einem schlechten/guten Gesundheitszustand sein

her mother is in a poor \state of health ihrer Mutter geht es nicht gut

\state of intoxication Vergiftung f

\state of rest Ruhezustand m

3. PSYCH (frame of mind) Gemütszustand m

we were worried by his depressed \state of mind seine niedergeschlagene Stimmung machte uns Sorgen

she has been in a \state of euphoria ever since hearing the news sie ist ganz euphorisch, seit sie die Neuigkeit erfahren hat

conscious \state [volles] Bewusstsein

semi-conscious \state Dämmerzustand m

unconscious \state Bewusstlosigkeit f

to [not] be in a fit \state to do sth [nicht] in der Lage sein, etw zu tun

4. ( fam: upset state)

to be in a \state mit den Nerven fertig sein fam

to get in[to] a \state [about sth] [wegen einer S. gen] durchdrehen

5. SCI

\state equation PHYS Zustandsgleichung f

solid/liquid/gaseous \state CHEM fester/flüssiger/gasförmiger Zustand

6. SOCIOL

\state of matrimony Stand m der Ehe

married \state Ehestand m

how do you enjoy the married \state? wie bekommt dir die Ehe?

single \state Leben nt als Single

7. REL

\state of grace Stand m der Gnade

8. (nation) Staat m

one-party/member \state Einparteien-/Mitgliedsstaat m

9. (in USA) [Bundes]staat m; (in Germany) Land nt

▪ the S\states pl ( fam: the United States of America) die Staaten pl fam

10. (civil government) Staat m, Regierung f

affairs [or matters] of \state Staatsangelegenheiten pl, Staatsgeschäfte pl

office of \state Staatsamt nt

the separation of Church and S\state die Trennung von Kirche und Staat

11. (dignified rank) Würde f, Rang m

the Queen rode in \state to open Parliament die Königin ritt in vollem Staat zur Parlamentseröffnung

the pomp befitting a queen's \state die einer Königin angemessene Pracht

to lie in \state aufgebahrt sein

II. adj attr, inv

1. (pertaining to a nation) staatlich, Staats-

\state monopoly Staatsmonopol nt, staatliches Monopol

\state ownership Staatseigentum nt, staatliches Eigentum

\state religion Staatsreligion f

2. (pertaining to unit)

the \state capital of Texas die Hauptstadt von Texas

\state fishing license für einen US-Bundesstaat gültige Angelerlaubnis

\state forest/park von einem US-Bundesstaat finanzierter Wald/Park

\state police Polizei eines US-Bundesstaates

\state sales tax von einem US-Bundesstaat erhobene Umsatzsteuer

3. (pertaining to civil government) Regierungs-

\state document Regierungsdokument nt, amtliches Schriftstück

\state enrolled/registered nurse BRIT staatlich zugelassene/geprüfte [o examinierte] Krankenschwester

\state records Regierungsunterlagen pl

\state secret ( also fig) Staatsgeheimnis nt

\state subsidy [staatliche] Subvention

\state support staatliche Unterstützung

4. (showing ceremony) Staats-

\state banquet Staatsbankett nt

\state funeral Staatsbegräbnis nt

the S\state Opening of Parliament die offizielle Eröffnung des Parlaments

\state visit Staatsbesuch m

III. vt

1. (express)

▪ to \state sth etw aussprechen [o äußern]

the problem can be \stated in one sentence man kann das Problem in einen Satz fassen

to \state one's case seine Sache vortragen

to \state one's objections seine Einwände vorbringen

to \state one's opinion seine Meinung sagen

to \state the source die Quelle angeben

to \state sth clearly/emphatically etw deutlich/mit Nachdruck sagen

to \state the obvious [or a commonplace] eine Binsenweisheit von sich dat geben

▪ to \state that... erklären, dass...

to \state formally that... offiziell bekanntgeben, dass...

▪ to \state why/what/how... darlegen, warum/was/wie...

2. (specify, fix)

▪ to \state sth etw nennen [o angeben]

to \state conditions [or terms] Bedingungen nennen

to \state demands Forderungen stellen

* * *
[steɪt]
1. n

1) (= condition) Zustand m

state of health/mind/war/siege — Gesundheits-/Geistes-/Kriegs-/Belagerungszustand m

married/single state — Ehe-/Ledigenstand m

to be in a state of weightlessness — sich im Zustand der Schwerelosigkeit befinden

the state of the nation — die Lage der Nation

the present state of the economy — die gegenwärtige Wirtschaftslage

in a liquid/solid state —

where animals live in their natural state — wo Tiere im Naturzustand leben

in a good/bad state — in gutem/schlechtem Zustand

he's in no (fit) state to do that — er ist auf gar keinen Fall in der Verfassung, das zu tun

what a state of affairs! — was sind das für Zustände!

look at the state of your hands! — guck dir bloß mal deine Hände an!

my papers are in such a state! — meine Papiere sind in einem furchtbaren Durcheinander!

the room was in a terrible state — im Zimmer herrschte ein fürchterliches Durcheinander

2) (inf

= anxiety) to get into a state (about sth) (inf) — wegen etw durchdrehen (inf)

to be in a terrible state (inf) — in heller Aufregung or ganz durchgedreht (inf) sein

3) (= rank) Stand m, Rang m

state of bishop — Bischofswürde f

4) (= pomp) Aufwand m, Pomp m

to be received in great state — mit großem Staat empfangen werden

to travel in state — aufwendig or aufwändig or pompös reisen

to lie in state — (feierlich) aufgebahrt sein

5) (POL) Staat m; (= federal state) (Bundes)staat m; (in Germany, Austria) (Bundes)land nt

the States — die (Vereinigten) Staaten

the State of Florida — der Staat Florida

a state within a state — ein Staat im Staate

affairs of state — Staatsangelegenheiten pl

2. vt
darlegen, vortragen; name, price, amount nennen, angeben; preference, purpose angeben; opposition, intention anmelden
to state that... — feststellen or erklären, dass...

to state one's case — seine Sache vortragen

it must be clearly stated in the records... — es muss aus den Akten einwandfrei hervorgehen,...

to state the case for the prosecution (Jur) —

the theme is stated in the first few bars — das Thema wird in den ersten paar Takten vorgestellt

unless otherwise stated — wenn nicht anders angegeben

as stated in my letter I... — wie in meinem Brief erwähnt,... ich...

* * *

state [steıt]

A

1. oft State POL Staat m: → affair 2

2. POL US (Bundes-, Einzel)Staat m:

state law Rechtsordnung f des Einzelstaates;

state’s attorney US Staatsanwalt m, -anwältin f; → evidence A 2 c

3. the States umg die Staaten (die USA)

4. Zustand m:

state of consciousness Bewusstseinszustand;

state of inertia PHYS Beharrungszustand;

(low) general state (schlechter) Allgemeinzustand;

in a state umg in miserablem Zustand ( → A 5 b);

in a state of nature im Naturzustand;

they are still in a state of nature sie laufen noch so herum, wie Gott sie geschaffen hat;

state of the Union message US (jährlicher) Rechenschaftsbericht (des Präsidenten) an die Nation;

state of war MIL Kriegszustand;

be in a state of war with sich im Kriegszustand befinden mit; → emergency A, equilibrium, health 2, repair¹ B 5, siege A 1

5. a) auch state of mind, emotional state (Geistes-, Gemüts)Zustand m, (-)Verfassung f

b) umg Erregung f:

in (quite) a state ganz aus dem Häuschen ( over wegen)( → A 4);

get into a state wahnsinnig nervös werden;

don’t get into a state nur keine Aufregung!

6. Stand m, Lage f:

state of the art neuester Stand der Wissenschaft oder Technik;

state of convergence EU: Konvergenzlage f, -stand m (bei Vereinheitlichung von Gesetzen mehrerer Staaten etc);

state of the economy wirtschaftliche Gesamtlage;

state of facts JUR Tatbestand m;

state of grace REL Stand der Gnade; → affair 2

7. (Personen-, Familien)Stand m; → married A 1

8. PHIL Sein n, Dasein n:

the future state das zukünftige Leben;

state of being Seinsweise f

9. MED, ZOOL etc Stadium n

10. (gesellschaftliche) Stellung, Stand m:

in a style befitting one’s state standesgemäß

11. Pracht f, Staat m:

in state mit großem Zeremoniell oder Pomp;

lie in state aufgebahrt sein;

live in state großen Aufwand treiben

12. pl POL, HIST (Land)Stände pl

13. POL gesetzgebende Körperschaft auf Jersey und Guernsey

14. a) Erhaltungszustand m (eines Buches etc)

b) Teilausgabe f

15. Kupferstecherei: (Zustands-, Ab)Druck m:

a first state ein Erstdruck

16. MIL Stärkemeldung f

B adj

1. staatlich, Staats…:

state aid staatliche Unterstützung oder Beihilfe;

state-aided staatlich unterstützt;

state apparatus Staatsapparat m;

state attorney US Staatsanwalt m, -anwältin f;

state bank WIRTSCH US unter der Aufsicht eines Bundesstaates stehende Bank;

state banquet Staatsbankett n;

state bond WIRTSCH Staatspapier n, -anleihe f;

state capitalism Staatskapitalismus m;

state-controlled unter staatlicher Aufsicht;

state court US einzelstaatliches Gericht;

State Department POL US State Department n, Außenministerium n;

state funeral Staatsbegräbnis n;

state mourning Staatstrauer f;

state prayers (anglikanische Kirche) Gebete für das Königshaus, die Geistlichkeit und das Parlament;

state-owned staatseigen, staatlich, Staats…;

be state-owned in Staatsbesitz sein;

state prison US Strafanstalt eines Bundesstaates für längere Freiheitsstrafen;

state property Staatseigentum n;

state religion Staatsreligion f;

state secret Staatsgeheimnis n;

state-subsidized staatlich subventioniert;

state visit Staatsbesuch m

2. Staats…, Prunk…:

state apartment Prunkgemach n, -zimmer n;

state bed Parade-, Prunkbett n;

state carriage Staatskarosse f;

state occasion besonderer oder feierlicher Anlass;

state robe Amtsrobe f

C v/t

1. festsetzen, -legen: → stated 1

2. erklären:

a) seine Ansichten etc darlegen

b) JUR einen Grund, eine Klage etc vorbringen: → case¹ A 6

3. Tatsachen etc anführen:

state in one’s defence that … zu seiner Verteidigung anführen, dass …;

state the reason why … erklären oder den Grund angeben, weshalb …

4. erwähnen, bemerken

5. feststellen, konstatieren

6. ein Problem etc stellen

7. MATH (mathematisch) ausdrücken

* * *
1. noun
1) (condition) Zustand, der

state of the economy — Wirtschaftslage, die

the state of play — (Sport) der Spielstand

the state of play in the negotiations/debate — (fig.) der [gegenwärtige] Stand der Verhandlungen/Debatte

the state of things in general — die allgemeine Lage

the state of the nation — die Lage der Nation

a state of war exists — es herrscht Kriegszustand

be in a state of excitement/sadness/anxiety — aufgeregt/traurig/ängstlich sein

2) (mess)

what a state you're in! — wie siehst du denn aus!

3) (anxiety)

be in a state — (be in a panic) aufgeregt sein; (be excited) ganz aus dem Häuschen sein (ugs.)

get into a state — (coll.) Zustände kriegen (ugs.)

don't get into a state! — reg dich nicht auf! (ugs.)

4) (nation) Staat, der

[affairs] of State — Staats[geschäfte]

5) (federal state) (of Germany, Austria) Land, das; (of America) Staat, der

the [United] States — sing. die [Vereinigten] Staaten

6)

State — (civil government) Staat, der

7) (pomp) Prunk, der

in state — in vollem Staat

lie in state — aufgebahrt sein
2. attributive adjective
1) (of nation or federal state) staatlich; Staats[bank, -sicherheit, -geheimnis, -dienst]

state education — staatliches Erziehungswesen

2) (ceremonial) Staats-
3. transitive verb
1) (express) erklären; (fully or clearly) darlegen; äußern [Meinung]; angeben [Alter usw.]

‘please state full particulars’ — "bitte genaue Angaben machen"

2) (specify) festlegen

at stated intervals — in genau festgelegten Abständen

* * *

n.

Rang ¨-e m.

Staat -en m.

Stand ¨-e m.

Status -se m.

Zustand -¨e m. v.

darlegen v.

erklären v.

festlegen v.

festsetzen v.

konstatieren v.

English-german dictionary > state

14 corriente4

⁴ = ordinary, plain [plainer -comp., plainest -sup.], run-of-the-mill, everyday.

Ex. Control is exercised over which terms are used, but otherwise the terms are ordinary words.

Ex. He went on to explain that while there were no unsightly slums, there was a fairly large district of rather nondescript homes intermingled with plain two- and three-family brick and frame dwellings, principally in the eastern reaches of the city.

Ex. Guides are almost always worth thinking of as the first type of bibliography to search when it is a quick check of run-of-the-mill bibliographical facts which is required.

Ex. We have too much invested, and the new systems too intimately integrated into the everyday operation of the library, for us to assume any longer that we can temper their influence on emerging standards.

----

* al corriente = in step, paid-up, in good standing.

* al corriente de = in step with.

* catalogación corriente = current cataloguing.

* común y corriente = unremarkable.

* corriente y moliente = run-of-the-mill.

* cuenta corriente = current account, checking account, deposit account.

* día corriente = ordinary day.

* estar al corriente = monitor + developments.

* gente común y corriente, la = common people, the.

* gente corriente, la = ordinary people.

* hombre corriente, el = common man, the.

* mantenerse al corriente = keep + current.

* mantenerse al corriente de = keep + abreast of, stay + abreast of.

* normal y corriente = unremarkable.

* ponerse al corriente = come up to + speed.

* ponerse al corriente de = catch up with, catch up on.

* puesta al corriente = update [up-date].

Spanish-English dictionary > corriente4

15 reconnaître

reconnaître° [ʀ(ə)kɔnεtʀ]

➭ TABLE 57

1. transitive verb

   a. ( = identifier) to recognize

• je l'ai reconnu à sa voix I recognized him by his voice

• je le reconnaîtrais entre mille I'd recognize him anywhere

• reconnaître le corps (d'un mort) to identify the body

• les jumeaux sont impossibles à reconnaître the twins are impossible to tell apart

• je le reconnais bien là ! that's just like him!

• on ne le reconnaît plus you wouldn't recognize him now

   b. [+ innocence, supériorité, valeur, torts] to recognize

• il faut reconnaître qu'il faisait très froid admittedly it was very cold

• il a reconnu s'être trompé or qu'il s'était trompé he admitted that he had made a mistake

• je reconnais que j'avais tout à fait oublié I must admit that I had completely forgotten

   c. [+ maître, chef, État, gouvernement, diplôme] to recognize ; (Law) [+ enfant, dette] to acknowledge

• reconnaître qn pour or comme chef to recognize sb as one's leader

• reconnaître qn coupable to find sb guilty

   d. (Military) [+ terrain] to reconnoitre

• les gangsters étaient certainement venus reconnaître les lieux auparavant the gangsters had probably been to look over the place beforehand

2. reflexive verb

► se reconnaître

   a. (dans la glace) to recognize o.s. ; (entre personnes) to recognize each other

   b. ( = se retrouver) to find one's way around

• je commence à me reconnaître I'm beginning to find my bearings

   c. ( = être reconnaissable) to be recognizable (à by)

* * *
ʀ(ə)kɔnɛtʀ
1.

verbe transitif

1) ( retrouver) to recognize; ( identifier) to identify

je t'ai reconnu à ta voix — I recognized you by your voice

je ne sais pas reconnaître les champignons — I can't identify different kinds of mushrooms

je reconnais bien là leur grande générosité — it's just like them to be so generous

2) ( admettre) to admit [faits, torts, erreurs]

il reconnaît avoir menti or qu'il a menti — he admits he lied

reconnaître quelque chose comme une évidence — to accept something as a fact

reconnaître quelqu'un comme le meilleur — to acknowledge somebody to be the best

reconnaître quelqu'un coupable — to find somebody guilty

3) ( considérer comme légitime ou valable) to recognize [syndicat, régime, droit de grève, diplôme étranger]

reconnaître un enfant — to recognize a child legally

4) ( explorer)

reconnaître les lieux — Armée to reconnoitre [BrE] the area; fig to have a look round [BrE]

2.

se reconnaître verbe pronominal

1) ( soi-même) to recognize oneself

2) ( l'un l'autre) to recognize each other

3) ( être identifiable)

se reconnaître à quelque chose — to be recognizable by something

4) ( s'orienter) to know where one is

* * *
ʀ(ə)kɔnɛtʀ vt
1) (= identifier) to recognize

Je ne l'ai pas reconnu. — I didn't recognize him.

reconnaître le corps — to identify the body

reconnaître qn/qch à — to recognize sb/sth by

2) (= concéder) to admit, to acknowledge

reconnaître la défaite — to admit defeat, to acknowledge defeat

reconnaître que — to admit that

Je reconnais que j'ai eu tort. — I admit that I was wrong.

reconnaître à qn; Je lui reconnais certaines qualités. — I admit that he has certain qualities.

3) DROIT, [enfant, dette, droit] to acknowledge

4) MILITAIRE, [lieu] to reconnoitre

* * *

reconnaître verb table: connaître

A vtr

1 ( retrouver) to recognize; ( identifier) to identify; je t'ai reconnu à ta voix/ton pas/ta cicatrice I recognized you by your voice/your walk/your scar; reconnaître une odeur to recognize a smell; je ne sais pas reconnaître les champignons I can't identify different kinds of mushrooms; excuse-moi, je ne t'avais pas reconnu sorry, I didn't recognize you; reconnaître le mâle de la femelle to tell the male from the female; je reconnais bien là leur grande générosité/leur manque de courage it's just like them to be so generous/to be such cowards; je te reconnaîtrais entre mille I'd recognize ou know you anywhere;

2 ( admettre) to admit [faits, torts, erreurs]; il reconnaît avoir menti or qu'il a menti he admits he lied; il faut reconnaître que ce n'est pas un travail passionnant you have to admit that it's not exciting work; reconnaître qch comme une évidence to accept sth as a fact; être reconnu comme douteux to be far from certain; reconnaître qn comme son chef to acknowledge ou recognize sb as one's leader; reconnaître qn comme le meilleur économiste du pays to acknowledge sb to be the best economist in the country; reconnaître qn coupable to find sb guilty; reconnaître des qualités à qn to recognize that sb has their good points; il faut leur reconnaître une certaine franchise you have to admit that they are quite open;

3 ( considérer comme légitime) to recognize [syndicat, régime, droit de grève]; ( comme valable) to recognize [diplôme étranger]; reconnaître le droit de qn à qch/de faire to recognize sb's right to sth/to do; reconnaître un enfant to recognize a child legally; l'enfant a-t-il été reconnu? has the child been legally recognized?; reconnaître une dette to acknowledge a debt;

4 ( explorer) reconnaître les lieux Mil to reconnoitre^GB the area; fig to have a look round^GB, to go on a recce○.

B se reconnaître vpr

1 ( soi-même) to recognize oneself; se reconnaître dans qn to see oneself in sb; je me reconnais en elle I see myself in her;

2 ( l'un l'autre) to recognize each other;

3 ( être identifiable) se reconnaître à qch to be recognizable by sth;

4 ( s'orienter) to know where one is; je ne me reconnais plus I don't recognize a thing;

5 ( s'avouer) to admit; se reconnaître coupable to admit one is guilty;

6 ( considérer comme légitime) nous nous reconnaissons le droit de we feel we have the right to.

[rəkɔnɛtr] verbe transitif

1. [air, personne, pas] to recognize

je t'ai reconnu à ta démarche I recognized you ou I could tell it was you by your walk

je ne l'aurais pas reconnue, elle a vieilli de dix ans! I wouldn't have known (it was) her, she looks ten years older!

je te reconnais bien (là)! that's just like you!, that's you all over!

tu veux fonder une famille? je ne te reconnais plus! you want to start a family? that's not like you at all ou you've changed your tune!

je reconnais bien là ta mauvaise foi! that's just typical of your bad faith!

2. [admettre - torts] to recognize, to acknowledge, to admit ; [ - aptitude, talent, vérité] to acknowledge, to recognize

il faut au moins lui reconnaître cette qualité you have to say this for him

l'accusé reconnaît-il les faits? does the accused acknowledge the facts?

sa prestation fut décevante, il faut bien le reconnaître it has to be admitted that his performance was disappointing

je reconnais que j'ai eu tort I admit I was wrong

il n'a jamais reconnu avoir falsifié les documents he never admitted to having falsified the documents

3. DROIT & POLITIQUE [État, chef de file] to recognize

[enfant] to recognize legally

[dette, document, signature] to authenticate

tous le reconnaissent comme leur maître they all acknowledge him as their master

être reconnu coupable to be found guilty

organisme reconnu d'utilité publique officially approved organization

reconnaître un droit à quelqu'un to recognize ou to acknowledge somebody's right

je ne reconnais à personne le droit de me juger nobody has the right to judge me

4. [explorer] to reconnoitre

il envoya dix hommes reconnaître le terrain he ordered ten men to go and reconnoitre the ground

l'équipe de tournage est allée reconnaître les lieux the film crew went to have a look round (the place)

————————

se reconnaître verbe pronominal (emploi réfléchi)

[physiquement, moralement] to see oneself

je me reconnais dans la réaction de ma sœur I can see myself reacting in the same way as my sister

je ne me reconnais pas dans votre description I don't see myself as fitting your description

————————

se reconnaître verbe pronominal (emploi réciproque)

to recognize each other

————————

se reconnaître verbe pronominal (emploi passif)

to be recognizable

un poisson frais se reconnaît à l'odeur you can tell a fresh fish by the smell

————————

se reconnaître verbe pronominal intransitif

1. [se retrouver]

je ne me reconnais plus dans ma propre ville I can't even find my way about ou around my own home town any more

mets des étiquettes sur tes dossiers, sinon comment veux-tu qu'on s'y reconnaisse? label your files, otherwise we'll get completely confused

2. [s'avouer]

se reconnaître coupable to admit ou to confess to being guilty

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > reconnaître

16 know

1. transitive verb,
knew, known

1) (recognize) erkennen (by an + Dat., for als + Akk.)

2) (be able to distinguish)

know something from something — etwas von etwas unterscheiden können

know the difference between right and wrong — den Unterschied zwischen Gut und Böse kennen

he wouldn't know the difference — er wüsste den Unterschied nicht

3) (be aware of) wissen; kennen [Person]

I know who she is — ich weiß, wer sie ist

I know for a fact that... — ich weiß ganz bestimmt, dass...

it is known that... — man weiß, dass...; es ist bekannt, dass...

know somebody/something to be... — wissen, dass jemand/etwas... ist

that's/that might be worth knowing — das ist gut/wäre wichtig zu wissen

he doesn't want to know — er will nichts davon wissen od. hören

I knew it — ich hab's ja geahnt

I know what — ich weiß was (ugs.)

you know — (coll.): (as reminder) weißt du [noch]

you know something or what? — weißt du was?

you never know — man kann nie wissen (ugs.)

somebody has [never] been known to do something — jemand hat bekanntlich [noch nie] etwas getan

and he knows it — und er weiß das auch

don't I know it! — (coll.) das weiß ich nur zu gut

before somebody knows where he is — ehe jemand sich's versieht

what do you know [about that]? — (coll.): (that is surprising) was sagst du dazu?

somebody is not to know — (is not to be told) jemand soll nichts wissen (about, of von); (has no way of learning) jemand kann nicht wissen

not know what hit one — (fig.) gar nicht begreifen, was geschehen ist

that's all you know [about it] — das glaubst du vielleicht

if you must know — wenn du es unbedingt wissen willst

know different or otherwise — es besser wissen

know what's what — wissen, wie es in der Welt zugeht

how should I know? — woher soll ich das wissen?

I might have known — das hätte ich mir denken können

do you know,... — stell dir [mal] vor,...

4) (have understanding of) können [ABC, Einmaleins, Deutsch usw.]; beherrschen [Grundlagen, Regeln]; sich auskennen mit [Gerät, Verfahren, Gesetz]

do you know any German? — können Sie etwas Deutsch?

know how to mend fuses — wissen, wie man Sicherungen repariert

know how to drive a car — Auto fahren können

he doesn't know much about computers — er hat nicht viel Ahnung von Computern

5) (be acquainted with) kennen

we have known each other for years — wir kennen uns [schon] seit Jahren

you don't really know him — du kennst ihn nicht gut genug

you know what he/it is — (is like) du kennst ihn ja/du weißt ja, wie es ist

6) (have experience of) erleben; erfahren

he knows no fear — er kennt keine Furcht

know what it is to be hungry — wissen, was es heißt, Hunger zu haben
2. noun
(coll.)

be in the know — Bescheid wissen

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/88563/know_about">know about

- know of

* * *
[nəu]
past tense - knew; verb

1) (to be aware of or to have been informed about: He knows everything; I know he is at home because his car is in the drive; He knows all about it; I know of no reason why you cannot go.) wissen

2) (to have learned and to remember: He knows a lot of poetry.) kennen

3) (to be aware of the identity of; to be friendly with: I know Mrs Smith - she lives near me.) kennen

4) (to (be able to) recognize or identify: You would hardly know her now - she has become very thin; He knows a good car when he sees one.) erkennen

•

- knowing
- knowingly
- know-all
- know-how
- in the know
- know backwards
- know better
- know how to
- know the ropes
* * *

know

[nəʊ, AM noʊ]

I. TRANSITIVE VERB

<knew, known>

1. (have information/knowledge)

▪ to \know sth etw wissen; facts, results etw kennen

she \knows all the names of them sie kennt all ihre Namen

does anyone \know the answer? weiß jemand die Antwort?

do you \know...? weißt du/wissen Sie...?

do you \know the time/where the post office is? können Sie mir bitte sagen, wie spät es ist/wo die Post ist?

do you \know the words to this song? kennst du den Text von diesem Lied?

he really \knows particle physics in Teilchenphysik kennt er sich wirklich gut aus

I \know no fear ich habe vor nichts Angst

I \know what I am talking about ich weiß, wovon ich rede

how was I to \know it'd be snowing in June! wer ahnt denn schon, dass es im Juni schneien würde!

that's worth \knowing das ist gut zu wissen

that might be worth \knowing das wäre gut zu wissen

that's what I like to \know too das würde ich auch gerne wissen!

— don't I \know it! — wem sagst du das!

before you \know where you are ehe man sich versieht

for all I \know soweit ich weiß

they might have even cancelled the project for all I \know vielleicht haben sie das Projekt ja sogar ganz eingestellt — weiß man's! fam

I knew it! wusste ich's doch! fam

... and you \know it... und das weißt du auch; ( fam)

you \know something [or what]? weißt du was? fam

... I \know what... ich weiß was

but she's not to \know aber sie soll nichts davon erfahren

God \knows I've done my best ich habe weiß Gott mein Bestes gegeben; ( fam)

God only \knows what'll happen next! weiß der Himmel, was als Nächstes passiert! sl

▪ to \know [that]/if/how/what/when/why... wissen, dass/ob/wie/was/wann/warum...

▪ to \know sb/sth to be/do sth wissen, dass jd/etw etw ist/tut

the police \know him to be a cocaine dealer die Polizei weiß, dass er mit Kokain handelt

▪ to \know how to do sth wissen, wie man etw macht

to \know how to drive a car Auto fahren können

▪ to \know sth about sth/sb etw über etw/jdn wissen

to \know the alphabet/English das Alphabet/Englisch können

do you \know any Norwegian? können Sie ein bisschen Norwegisch?

to \know sth by heart etw auswendig können

to \know what one is doing wissen, was man tut

to let sb \know sth jdn etw wissen lassen

2. (be certain)

▪ to not \know whether... sich dat nicht sicher sein, ob...

to not \know which way to turn nicht wissen, was man machen soll

to not \know whether to laugh or cry nicht wissen, ob man lachen oder weinen soll

to \know for a fact that... ganz sicher wissen, dass...

3. (be acquainted with)

▪ to \know sb jdn kennen

\knowing Sarah [or if I \know Sarah], she'll have done a good job so wie ich Sarah kenne, hat sie ihre Sache bestimmt gut gemacht

we've \known each other for years now wir kennen uns schon seit Jahren

she \knows Paris well sie kennt sich in Paris gut aus

surely you \know me better than that! du solltest mich eigentlich besser kennen!

you \know what it's like du weißt ja, wie das [so] ist

we all knew her as a kind and understanding colleague uns allen war sie als liebenswerte und einfühlsame Kollegin bekannt

I'm sure you all \know the new officer by reputation sicherlich haben Sie alle schon mal von dem neuen Offizier gehört

to \know sth like the back of one's hand etw wie seine eigene Westentasche kennen fam

to \know sb by name/by sight/personally jdn dem Namen nach/vom Sehen/persönlich kennen

to get to \know sb jdn kennenlernen

to get to \know sth methods etw lernen; faults etw herausfinden

to get to \know each other sich akk kennenlernen

to [not] \know sb to speak to jdn [nicht] näher kennen

4. (have understanding)

▪ to \know sth etw verstehen

do you \know what I mean? verstehst du, was ich meine?

if you \know what I mean wenn du verstehst, was ich meine

5. (experience)

I've never \known anything like this so etwas akk habe ich noch nicht erlebt

I've never \known her [to] cry ich habe sie noch nie weinen sehen

6. (recognize)

▪ to \know sb/sth jdn/etw erkennen

I \know a goodbye when I hear one ich hab' schon verstanden, dass du dich von mir trennen willst! fam

I \know a good thing when I see it ich merke gleich, wenn was gut ist

we all \know him as ‘Curly’ wir alle kennen ihn als ‚Curly‘

this is the end of world as we \know it das ist das Ende der Welt, so wie wir sie kennen

these chocolate bars are \known as something else in the US diese Schokoladenriegel laufen in den USA unter einem anderen Namen

I knew her for a liar the minute I saw her ich habe vom ersten Augenblick an gewusst, dass sie eine Lügnerin ist

▪ to \know sb/sth by sth jdn/etw an etw dat erkennen

to \know sb by his/her voice/walk jdn an seiner Stimme/seinem Gang erkennen

sb wouldn't \know sth if he/she bumped into it [or if he/she fell over it] [or if it hit him/her in the face] jd würde etw akk nicht mal erkennen, wenn es vor ihm/ihr stehen würde

7. (be able to differentiate)

▪ to \know sth/sb from sth/sb etw/jdn von etw/jdm unterscheiden können

Ana wouldn't \know a greyhound from a collie Ana kann einen Windhund nicht von einem Collie unterscheiden

you wouldn't \know him from his brother man kann ihn und seinen Bruder nicht unterscheiden!

don't worry, she wouldn't \know the difference keine Angst, sie wird den Unterschied [gar] nicht merken

to \know right from wrong Gut und Böse unterscheiden können

8. passive (well-known)

▪ to be \known for sth für etw akk bekannt sein

▪ it is \known that... es ist bekannt, dass...

to make sth \known etw bekanntmachen

she's never been \known to laugh at his jokes sie hat bekanntlich noch nie über seine Witze gelacht

this substance is \known to cause skin problems es ist bekannt, dass diese Substanz Hautirritationen hervorruft

this substance has been \known to cause skin problems diese Substanz hat in einzelnen Fällen zu Hautirritationen geführt

Terry is also \known as ‘The Muscleman’ Terry kennt man auch unter dem Namen ‚der Muskelmann‘

9.

▶ to not \know sb from Adam keinen blassen Schimmer haben, wer jd ist fam

▶ to \know all the answers immer alles besser wissen pej; (have real knowledge) sich akk auskennen

▶ to \know no bounds keine Grenzen kennen

▶ to not \know one end of sth from the other keine Ahnung von etw dat haben fam

▶ to not \know what hit one nicht wissen, wie einem geschieht

▶ not if I \know it nicht mit mir!

▶ to \know one's own mind wissen, was man will

▶ to \know one's place wissen, wo man steht

▶ to not \know where to put oneself BRIT am liebsten in den Boden versinken fam

▶ to \know the ropes sich akk auskennen

▶ to \know sb [in the biblical sense] ( hum) mit jdm eine Nummer geschoben haben sl

▶ to \know the score wissen, was gespielt wird

▶ to \know which side one's bread is buttered on wissen, wo was zu holen ist fam

▶ to \know one's stuff [or BRIT also onions] sein Geschäft [o Handwerk] verstehen

▶ to \know a thing or two ( pej fam: be sexually experienced) sich akk [mit Männern/Frauen] auskennen

▶ to \know a thing or two about sth (know from experience) sich akk mit etw dat auskennen

▶ to \know what's what wissen, wo's langgeht fam

▶ what do you \know! was weißt du denn schon?; esp AM ( fam: surprise) wer hätte das gedacht!

II. INTRANSITIVE VERB

<knew, known>

1. (have knowledge) [Bescheid] wissen

ask Kate, she's sure to \know frag Kate, sie weiß es bestimmt

I think she \knows ich glaube, sie weiß Bescheid

where did he go? — I wouldn't [or don't] \know, I was not to \know until years later das sollte ich erst Jahre später erfahren, wo ist er hingegangen? — keine Ahnung

are you going to university? — I don't \know yet willst du studieren? — ich weiß [es] noch nicht

you never \know man kann nie wissen

as [or so] far as I \know so viel [o weit] ich weiß

how am I to \know? woher soll ich das wissen?

who \knows? wer weiß?

how should I \know? wie soll ich das wissen?

I \know! jetzt weiß ich!

Mummy \knows best what to do Mutti weiß am besten, was zu tun ist

she didn't want to \know sie wollte nichts davon wissen

just let me \know ok? sag' mir einfach Bescheid, ok?

2. ( fam: understand) begreifen

“I don't \know,” he said, “why can't you ever be on time?” „ich begreife das einfach nicht“, sagte er, „warum kannst du nie pünktlich sein?“

3. (said to agree with sb)

I \know ich weiß

the weather's been so good lately — I \know, isn't it wonderful! das Wetter war in letzter Zeit wirklich schön — ja, herrlich, nicht wahr?

4. ( fam: for emphasis)

she's such a fool, don't you \know! sie ist so unglaublich dumm!

5. (conversation filler)

give him the red box, you \know, the one with the.... gib ihm die rote Kiste, du weißt schon, die mit den...

he's so boring and, you \know, sort of spooky er ist so langweilig und, na ja, irgendwie unheimlich

he asked me, you \know weißt du, er hat mich halt gefragt

6.

▶ to \know better:

you ought to \know better du solltest es eigentlich besser wissen

he said he loved me but I \know better er sagte, dass er mich liebt, aber ich weiß, dass es nicht stimmt

▶ to \know better than:

I \know better than to go out in this weather ich werde mich hüten, bei dem Wetter rauszugehen fam

she's old enough to \know better than to run out into the traffic sie ist alt genug, um zu wissen, dass man nicht einfach auf die Straße läuft

▶ to not \know any better es nicht anders kennen

III. NOUN

no pl

to be in the \know [about sth] [über etw akk] im Bilde sein [o Bescheid wissen]

* * *
[nəʊ] vb: pret knew, ptp known
1. TRANSITIVE VERB

1) = have knowledge about wissen; answer, facts, dates, details, results etc kennen, wissen; French, English etc können

he knew her to be guilty — er wusste, dass sie schuldig war

to know what one is talking about — wissen, wovon man redet

to know one's own mind — wissen, was man will

she knows all the answers — sie weiß Bescheid, sie kennt sich aus; (pej) sie weiß immer alles besser

he might even be dead for all I know — vielleicht ist er sogar tot, was weiß ich

he thinks he knows all the answers or everything —

that's what I'd like to know ( too) — das möchte ich auch wissen

THAT'S what I'd like to know — das möchte ich wirklich wissen

that's worth knowing — das ist ja interessant

that might be worth knowing — es könnte interessant sein, das zu wissen

before you know where you are — ehe man sichs versieht

I've been a fool and don't I know it! (inf) — ich sehs ja ein, ich war doof (inf), ich war vielleicht doof (inf)

she's angry! – don't I know it! (inf) — sie ist wütend! – wem sagst du das! (inf)

2) = be acquainted with people, places, book, author kennen

I know Bavaria well — ich kenne Bayern gut, ich kenne mich gut in Bayern aus

do you know him to speak to? —

we all know her as the headmistress/a generous person — wir kennen Sie alle als die Schulleiterin/einen großzügigen Menschen

if I know John, he'll already be there — wie ich John kenne, ist er schon da

he didn't want to know me — er wollte nichts mit mir zu tun haben

know thyself! — erkenne dich selbst!

3) = recognize erkennen

to know sb by his voice/walk etc — jdn an der Stimme/am Gang etc erkennen

would you know him again? — würden Sie ihn wiedererkennen?

he knows a good thing when he sees it — er weiß, was gut ist

he knows a bargain/good manuscript when he sees one — er weiß, was ein guter Kauf/ein gutes Manuskript ist

this is the end of the welfare system as we know it — das ist das Ende des uns bekannten Wohlfahrtssystems

4) = be able to distinguish unterscheiden können

don't you know your right from your left? — können Sie rechts und links nicht unterscheiden?

you wouldn't know him from his brother — Sie könnten ihn nicht von seinem Bruder unterscheiden

do you know the difference between...? —

to know the difference between right and wrong, to know right from wrong — den Unterschied zwischen Gut und Böse kennen, Gut und Böse unterscheiden können

he wouldn't know the difference — das merkt er nicht

he doesn't know one end of a horse/hammer from the other — er hat keine Ahnung von Pferden/keine Ahnung, was ein Hammer ist (inf)

5) = experience erleben

I've never known it to rain so heavily — so einen starken Regen habe ich noch nie erlebt

I've never known him (to) smile — ich habe ihn noch nie lächeln sehen, ich habe es noch nie erlebt, dass er lächelt

have you ever known me (to) tell a lie? — haben Sie mich jemals lügen hören?

have you ever known such a thing to happen before? — haben Sie je schon so etwas erlebt?, ist Ihnen so etwas schon einmal vorgekommen?

6) BIBL (obs sexually) erkennen

2. INTRANSITIVE VERB
wissen
who knows? — wer weiß?, weiß ichs?

I know! — ich weiß!, weiß ich (doch)!; (having a good idea) ich weiß was!, ich habe eine Idee!

I don't know — (das) weiß ich nicht

as far as I know — soviel ich weiß, meines Wissens

he just didn't want to know — er wollte einfach nicht hören

afterwards they just didn't want to know — nachher wollten sie einfach nichts mehr davon wissen

I wouldn't know (inf) — weiß ich (doch) nicht (inf)

don't you know? — weißt du das denn nicht?

how should I know? — wie soll ich das wissen?

how was I to know? — wie sollte ich das wissen?

I'm damned if I know (inf) — ich habe echt keinen Schimmer

the channel was rough, as I well know or as well I know! — die Überfahrt war stürmisch, das kann ich dir sagen

3. SET STRUCTURES
__diams; to know that... wissen, dass...Note that while in English that can be omitted, in German dass must be used to introduce the next sentence.
when I saw the ambulance, I knew (that) something was wrong — als ich den Krankenwagen sah, wusste ich, dass etwas nicht stimmte __diams; to know why... wissen, warum...

he didn't know why — er wusste nicht, warum

I don't know why you think it's so funny — ich weiß nicht, was du daran so komisch findest

to know how to do sth (in theory) — wissen, wie man etw macht; (in practice) etw tun können

I know how you feel — ich weiß, wie Sie sich fühlen

I don't know how you can say that! — wie kannst du das nur sagen!

you don't know how good it is to see you again — Sie wissen gar nicht, wie sehr ich mich freue, Sie wiederzusehen

I know better than that — ich bin ja nicht ganz dumm

I know better than to say something like that —

he knows better than to eat into the profits — er ist nicht so dumm, den Gewinn anzugreifen

he/you ought to have known better — das war dumm (von ihm/dir)

he ought to have or should have known better than to do that — es war dumm von ihm, das zu tun

you ought to know better at your age — in deinem Alter müsste man das aber (besser) wissen

they don't know any better — sie kennens nicht anders

he says he didn't do it, but I know better — er sagt, er war es nicht, aber ich weiß, dass das nicht stimmt

OK, you know best — o.k., Sie müssens wissen

mother always knows best — Mutter weiß es am besten

to get to know sb — jdn kennenlernen

to get to know sth (methods, techniques, style, pronunciation etc) — etw lernen; habits, faults, shortcuts etc etw herausfinden

to get to know a place — einen Ort kennenlernen

he soon let me know what he thought of it —

when can you let me know? — wann können Sie es mich wissen lassen?, wann können Sie mir Bescheid sagen?

you know, we could/there is... — weißt du, wir könnten/da ist...

he gave it away, you know — er hat es nämlich weggegeben

it's raining, you know —

then there was this man, you know, and... — und da war dieser Mann, nicht (wahr), und...

wear the black dress, you know, the one with the red belt —

it's long and purple and, you know, sort of crinkly — es ist lang und lila und, na ja, so kraus

(if you) know what I mean — du weißt schon __diams; you never know man kann nie wissen

it was nothing to do with me, I'll have you know! — es hatte nichts mit mir zu tun, damit du es weißt! __diams; there's no knowing (inf) das kann keiner sagen, das weiß niemand

there's no knowing what he'll do — man weiß nie, was er noch tut __diams; what do you know! (inf) sieh mal einer an!

what do you know! I've just seen her! (inf) — stellen Sie sich vor, ich habe sie eben gesehen __diams; to be known → also known

to be known (to sb) — (jdm) bekannt sein

it is (well) known that... —

is he/it known here? — ist er/das hier bekannt?, kennt man ihn/das hier?

to be known for sth — für etw bekannt sein

he is known to have been here — man weiß, dass er hier war

he is known as Mr Smith — man kennt ihn als Herrn Smith

she wishes to be known as Mrs White — sie möchte Frau White genannt werden → also known __diams; to make sb/sth known jdn/etw bekannt machen

to make it known that... — bekannt geben, dass...

to make oneself known — sich melden (to sb bei jdm)

to make one's presence known — sich melden (to bei) __diams; to become known bekannt werden

4. NOUN
__diams; to be in the know inf eingeweiht sein, im Bild sein (inf), Bescheid wissen (inf)
the people in the know say... — Leute, die darüber Bescheid wissen, sagen..., die Fachleute sagen...

5. PHRASAL VERBS

* * *

know [nəʊ]

A v/t prät knew [njuː; US besonders nuː], pperf known [nəʊn]

1. allg wissen:

he knows what to do er weiß, was zu tun ist;

I don’t know how to thank you ich weiß nicht, wie ich Ihnen danken soll;

know all about it genau Bescheid wissen;

don’t I know it!

a) und ob ich das weiß!,

b) als ob ich das nicht wüsste!;

I would have you know that … ich möchte Ihnen klarmachen, dass …;

I have never known him to lie meines Wissens hat er noch nie gelogen;

he knows a thing or two umg er ist nicht von gestern, er weiß ganz gut Bescheid ( about über akk);

I don’t know much about football ich versteh nicht viel von Fußball;

what do you know! umg na so was!;

and he knows it umg das weiß er ganz genau; → answer A 1, good B 10, what Bes Redew

2. a) können:

he knows (some) German er kann (etwas) Deutsch; → business A 1, onion, rope A 1, etc

b) know how to do sth etwas tun können:

do you know how to do it? weißt du, wie man das macht?, kannst du das?;

he knows how to treat children er versteht mit Kindern umzugehen;

do you know how to drive a car? können Sie Auto fahren?;

he doesn’t know how to lose er kann nicht verlieren

3. kennen:

a) auch know one’s way around sich auskennen in (dat):

do you know this place? kennen Sie sich hier aus?

b) mit einem Roman etc vertraut sein:

know sth backwards (US backward[s] and forward[s]) umg etwas in- und auswendig kennen

c) bekannt sein mit:

I have known him (for) five years ich kenne ihn (schon) seit fünf Jahren;

after I first knew him nachdem ich seine Bekanntschaft gemacht hatte; → Adam, get C 2

4. erfahren, erleben:

he has known better days er hat schon bessere Tage gesehen;

I have known it to happen ich habe das schon erlebt

5. a) (wieder)erkennen (by an dat):

I would know him anywhere ich würde ihn überall erkennen;

before you know where you are im Handumdrehen;

I don’t know whether I will know him again ich weiß nicht, ob ich ihn wiedererkennen werde

b) unterscheiden (können):

know apart auseinanderhalten;

know one from the other einen vom anderen unterscheiden können, die beiden auseinanderhalten können

6. BIBEL (geschlechtlich) erkennen

B v/i wissen (of von, um), im Bilde sein oder Bescheid wissen ( about über akk), Kenntnis haben ( about von):

I know of sb who … ich weiß oder kenne jemanden, der …;

I know better! so dumm bin ich nicht!;

you ought to know better (than that) das sollten Sie besser wissen, so dumm werden Sie doch nicht sein;

know better than to do sth sich davor hüten, etwas zu tun;

he ought to know better than to go swimming after a big meal er sollte so viel Verstand haben zu wissen, dass man nach einer ausgiebigen Mahlzeit nicht baden geht;

not that I know of nicht dass ich wüsste;

do ( oder don’t) you know? umg nicht wahr?;

you know wissen Sie;

this isn’t the Ritz, you know wir sind hier nicht im Ritz!;

he is an alcoholic as you know ( oder as everybody knows) er ist bekanntlich Alkoholiker;

you never know man kann nie wissen;

I’ll let you know ich geb dir Bescheid

C s be in the know Bescheid wissen, im Bilde oder eingeweiht sein

* * *
1. transitive verb,
knew, known

1) (recognize) erkennen (by an + Dat., for als + Akk.)

2) (be able to distinguish)

know something from something — etwas von etwas unterscheiden können

know the difference between right and wrong — den Unterschied zwischen Gut und Böse kennen

he wouldn't know the difference — er wüsste den Unterschied nicht

3) (be aware of) wissen; kennen [Person]

I know who she is — ich weiß, wer sie ist

I know for a fact that... — ich weiß ganz bestimmt, dass...

it is known that... — man weiß, dass...; es ist bekannt, dass...

know somebody/something to be... — wissen, dass jemand/etwas... ist

that's/that might be worth knowing — das ist gut/wäre wichtig zu wissen

he doesn't want to know — er will nichts davon wissen od. hören

I knew it — ich hab's ja geahnt

I know what — ich weiß was (ugs.)

you know — (coll.): (as reminder) weißt du [noch]

you know something or what? — weißt du was?

you never know — man kann nie wissen (ugs.)

somebody has [never] been known to do something — jemand hat bekanntlich [noch nie] etwas getan

and he knows it — und er weiß das auch

don't I know it! — (coll.) das weiß ich nur zu gut

before somebody knows where he is — ehe jemand sich's versieht

what do you know [about that]? — (coll.): (that is surprising) was sagst du dazu?

somebody is not to know — (is not to be told) jemand soll nichts wissen (about, of von); (has no way of learning) jemand kann nicht wissen

not know what hit one — (fig.) gar nicht begreifen, was geschehen ist

that's all you know [about it] — das glaubst du vielleicht

if you must know — wenn du es unbedingt wissen willst

know different or otherwise — es besser wissen

know what's what — wissen, wie es in der Welt zugeht

how should I know? — woher soll ich das wissen?

I might have known — das hätte ich mir denken können

do you know,... — stell dir [mal] vor,...

4) (have understanding of) können [ABC, Einmaleins, Deutsch usw.]; beherrschen [Grundlagen, Regeln]; sich auskennen mit [Gerät, Verfahren, Gesetz]

do you know any German? — können Sie etwas Deutsch?

know how to mend fuses — wissen, wie man Sicherungen repariert

know how to drive a car — Auto fahren können

he doesn't know much about computers — er hat nicht viel Ahnung von Computern

5) (be acquainted with) kennen

we have known each other for years — wir kennen uns [schon] seit Jahren

you don't really know him — du kennst ihn nicht gut genug

you know what he/it is — (is like) du kennst ihn ja/du weißt ja, wie es ist

6) (have experience of) erleben; erfahren

he knows no fear — er kennt keine Furcht

know what it is to be hungry — wissen, was es heißt, Hunger zu haben
2. noun
(coll.)

be in the know — Bescheid wissen

Phrasal Verbs:

- know about

- know of

* * *

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: knew, known)

= kennen v.

(§ p.,pp.: kannte, gekannt)

wissen v.

(§ p.,pp.: wußte, gewußt)

English-german dictionary > know

17 that

1. ðæt plural - those; adjective
(used to indicate a person, thing etc spoken of before, not close to the speaker, already known to the speaker and listener etc: Don't take this book - take that one; At that time, I was living in Italy; When are you going to return those books?) ese, esa, esos, esas; aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas

2. pronoun
(used to indicate a thing etc, or (in plural or with the verb be) person or people, spoken of before, not close to the speaker, already known to the speaker and listener etc: What is that you've got in your hand?; Who is that?; That is the Prime Minister; Those present at the concert included the composer and his wife.) ese, esa, esos, esas; aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas

3. ðət, ðæt relative pronoun
(used to refer to a person, thing etc mentioned in a preceding clause in order to distinguish it from others: Where is the parcel that arrived this morning?; Who is the man (that) you were talking to?)

4. ðət, ðæt conjunction
1) ((often omitted) used to report what has been said etc or to introduce other clauses giving facts, reasons, results etc: I know (that) you didn't do it; I was surprised (that) he had gone.) que

2) (used to introduce expressions of sorrow, wishes etc: That I should be accused of murder!; Oh, that I were with her now!) y pensar que; ojalá

5.
adverb
(so; to such an extent: I didn't realize she was that ill.) tan

- like that
- that's that

that¹ adj ese / aquel

who lives in that house? ¿quién vive en esa casa?

did you bring that book? ¿has traído aquel libro?

El plural de that es those

what are those boys doing? ¿qué están haciendo aquellos chicos?

that² adv tan

I can't run that fast no puedo correr tan rápido

that³ conj que

I hope that you are well espero que estés bien

she's the girl that won the race es la chica que ganó la carrera

that⁴ pron

1. ése / aquél

that's yours ése es el tuyo

2. eso

I don't want that no quiero eso

that's right eso es

El plural de that es those

those are mine aquéllos son míos

that

tr[ðæt ʊnstressed ðət]

adjective (pl those)

1 ese, esa (remote) aquel, aquella

■ look at that woman mira a aquella mujer

■ how much is that dress? ¿cuánto vale ese vestido?

■ what was that noise? ¿qué ha sido ese ruido?

■ just at that moment justo en aquel instante

■ have you got that record I lent you? ¿tienes aquel disco que te dejé?

pronoun (pl those)

1 ése nombre masculino, ésa (remote) aquél nombre masculino, aquélla

■ who's that? ¿quién es ése/ésa?

■ this is mine, that is yours éste es mío, aquél es tuyo

■ this one's much nicer than that éste es mucho más bonito que aquél

2 (indefinite) eso; (remote) aquello

■ what's that? ¿qué es eso?

■ don't do that no hagas eso

■ where did you get that? ¿dónde has comprado eso?

■ that's why I didn't go por eso no fui

3 (relative) que

■ the man that lives upstairs is a writer el hombre que vive arriba es escritor

■ I really like the book (that) you gave me me encanta el libro que me regalaste

■ this is the most difficult job (that) I've ever done este es el trabajo más difícil que he hecho

4 (with preposition) que, el/la que, el/la cual

■ this is the book (that) I was telling you about éste es el libro de que te hablaba

■ the day (that) we met el día (en el) que nos conocimos

conjunction

1 que

■ I know (that) it's true sé que es verdad

■ he said (that) he was a policeman dijo que era policía

■ the problem is that I don't speak French el problema es que no hablo francés

■ she was so happy (that) she danced in the street estaba tan contenta que bailó en la calle

■ give me the money so (that) I can buy a present dame el dinero para que pueda comprar un regalo

2 ¡ojalá!

■ oh that I were rich ojalá fuera rico

adverb

1 familiar tan, tanto,-a, tantos,-as

■ it's not that expensive no es tan caro

■ it isn't that cold no hace tanto frío

■ it wasn't that bad no fue tan malo

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

and all that y todo eso

like that así, de aquella manera

that is to say es decir

that's it (that's all) eso es todo 2 (that's right) eso es 3 (that's enough) se acabó

that's life así es la vida

that's more like it ¡ahora!, ¡así me gusta!

that's right así es

that's that ya está, se acabó

who's that? (on 'phone) ¿quién es?, ¿quién eres?

that ['ðæt] adv, (in negative constructions) : tan

it's not that expensive: no es tan caro

not that much: no tanto

that adj, pl those : ese, esa, aquel, aquella

do you see those children?: ¿ves a aquellos niños?

that conj & pron

: que

he said that he was afraid: dijo que tenía miedo

the book that he wrote: el libro que escribió

that pron, pl those ['ðo:z]

1) : ése, ésa, eso

that's my father: ése es mi padre

those are the ones he likes: ésos son los que le gustan

what's that?: ¿qué es eso?

2) (referring to more distant objects or time) : aquél, aquélla, aquello

those are maples and these are elms: aquéllos son arces y éstos son olmos

that came to an end: aquello se acabó

that

adj.

• esa adj.

• ese adj.

adj.dem.

• aquel adj.dem.

adv.

• como adv.

• tan adv.

conj.

• ese conj.

• para que conj.

• que conj.

pron.

• aquello pron.

• aquél pron.

• el cual pron.

• ese pron.

• eso pron.

• que pron.

• quien pron.

• tanto pron.

pron.dem.neut.

• aquello pron.dem.neut.

I ðæt
pronoun

1) (pl those) ( demonstrative) ése, ésa; (neuter) eso

those — ésos, ésas; (to refer to something more distant, to the remote past) aquél, aquélla; (neuter) aquello

those — aquéllos, aquéllas [According to the Real Academia Española the accent can be omitted when there is no ambiguity]

what's that? — ¿qué es eso?

who's that over there? — quién es ése/ésa?

those are $20 and those over there $21.50 — ésos cuestan 20 dólares y aquéllos de allá 21,50

that's why she never went back — por eso nunca volvió

who's that, please? — ( on telephone) ¿con quién hablo, por favor?

that's impossible/wonderful! — es imposible/maravilloso!

those who have been less fortunate — los que no han tenido tanta suerte

is that so? — no me digas!, ¿ah, sí?

don't talk like that! — no hables así!, no digas eso!

eat it up now, that's a good girl! — vamos, cómetelo todo así me gusta!

come on, it's not as bad as all that — vamos, que no es para tanto

2) (in phrases)

at that — ( moreover) además; ( thereupon)

at that they all burst out laughing — al oír (or ver etc) eso, todos se echaron a reír

for all that — por eso

he has enormous power and wealth, but is still unhappy for all that — tiene mucho poder y muchas riquezas, pero aún así es infeliz

that is: we're all going, all the adults, that is vamos todos, es decir, todos los adultos; you're welcome to come along, that is, if you'd like to encantados de que vengas, siempre que quieras venir, claro; that's it!: that's it for today eso es todo por hoy; is that it? - no, there's another bag to come ¿ya está? - no, todavía falta otra bolsa; now lift your left arm: that's it! ahora levanta el brazo izquierdo eso es! or ahí está!; that's it: I've had enough! se acabó! ya no aguanto más!; that's that: you're not going and that's that! — no vas y no hay más que hablar or y se acabó

3) ðət, strong form ðæt ( relative) que

a voice that reminded him of somebody — una voz que le recordaba a alguien

it wasn't Helen (that) you saw — no fue a Helen a quien viste, no fue a Helen que viste (AmL)

the reason (that) she resigned — el motivo por el que dimitió

the way (that) he spoke — la forma en que habló

II ðæt
adjective (pl those) ese, esa

those — esos, esas; (to refer to something more distant, to the remote past) aquel, aquella

those — aquellos, aquellas

do you know that boy/girl? — ¿conoces a ese chico/esa chica?

those two records — esos dos discos

I prefer that one — prefiero ése/ésa

I like those yellow ones — me gustan ésos amarillos

in those days — en aquellos tiempos

it's been one of those days — ha sido uno de esos días en que todo sale mal

III ðət, strong form ðæt
conjunction que

she said (that)... — dijo que...

the news that our team had won — la noticia de que nuestro equipo había ganado

I'm glad (that) you're here — me alegro de que estés aquí

she talks so fast that I can't understand — habla tan rápido que no le entiendo

it's not that I mind what he does but... — no es que me importe lo que hace, pero...

they died that others might live — (liter) murieron para que otros pudieran vivir

IV ðæt
adverb tan

ten thirty? that late already? — ¿las diez y media? ¿ya es tan tarde?

I'm not that interested, really — la verdad es que no me interesa tanto

she can't be all that stupid — no es posible que sea tan tonta

(strong form) [ðæt] (weak form) [ˌdǝt] (pl those) Those is treated as a separate entry.
1. DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVE

1) [+ objects/people]
You can generally use ese etc when pointing to something near the person you are speaking to. Use aquel etc for something which is distant from both of you: (nearer) ese m, esa f ; (more remote) aquel m, aquella f
that book — ese libro

that hill over there — aquella colina de allí

that car is much better value than that sports model at the end — ese coche está mejor de precio que aquel modelo deportivo que hay al final

that lad of yours — ese chico tuyo

that wretched dog! — ¡ese maldito perro!

what about that cheque? — ¿y el cheque ese?

• I only met her that once — la vi solamente aquella vez

• that one — ese(-a), ése(-a); (more remote) aquel(la), aquél(la)
In the past the standard spelling for [ese/esa] and [aquel/aquella] used as pronouns (as when they are used to translate [that one]) was with an accent ([ése/ésa] and [aquél/aquélla]). Nowadays the [Real Academia Española] advises that the accented forms are only required where there might otherwise be confusion with the adjectives [este/esta] and [aquel/aquella].
there's little to choose between this model and that one — no hay mucho que elegir entre este modelo y aquel

2) [+ event, year, month]

Aquel is used to refer to a time in the distant past. Use if you mention a concrete date, month, year {etc">ese:
do you remember that holiday we had in Holland? — ¿te acuerdas de aquellas vacaciones que pasamos en Holanda?

1992? I can't remember where we holidayed that year — ¿1992? no recuerdo dónde pasamos las vacaciones ese año

May? we can't come that month because we'll be moving house — ¿en mayo? no podemos venir ese mes porque nos estaremos mudando de casa

2.

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN
The pronoun that ( one) is translated by ese and aquel (masc), esa and aquella (fem) and eso and aquello (neuter). You can generally use ese etc when pointing to something near the person you are speaking to. Use aquel etc for something which is distant from both of you. Note that in the past the standard spelling for the masculine and feminine pronouns was with an accent (ése/ésa and aquél/aquélla). Nowadays the Real Academia Española advises that the accented forms are only required where there might otherwise be confusion with the adjectives ese/esa and aquel/aquella. Neuter pronouns never carry an accent. (nearer) ese m, esa f, ése m, ésa f, eso (neuter) ; (more remote) aquel(la) m / f, aquél(la) m / f, aquello (neuter)
who's that? — ¿quién es ese?

what is that? — ¿qué es eso?, ¿eso qué es?

that's my French teacher over there — aquel es mi profesor de francés

that's my sister over by the window — aquella de la ventana es mi hermana

that's Joe — es Joe

is that you, Paul? — ¿eres tú, Paul?

£5? it must have cost more than that — ¿5 libras? debe haber costado más (que eso)

that's true — eso es verdad, es cierto (esp LAm)

that's odd! — ¡qué raro!, ¡qué cosa más rara!

1988? that was the year you graduated, wasn't it? — ¿1988? ese fue el año en que acabaste la carrera, ¿no es así?

"will he come?" - "that he will!" — † -¿vendrá? -¡ya lo creo!

• after that — después de eso

• bees and wasps and all that — abejas, avispas y cosas así

that's all I can tell you — eso es todo lo que puedo decirte

is that all? — ¿eso es todo?, ¿nada más?

she's not as stupid as (all) that — no es tan estúpida como para eso

• and it was broken at that — y además estaba roto

I realized he meant to speak to me and at that I panicked — me di cuenta de que quería hablar conmigo y entonces me entró el pánico

• what do you mean by that? — ¿qué quieres decir con eso?

• if it comes to that — en tal caso, si llegamos a eso

• it will cost 20 dollars, if that — costará 20 dólares, si es que llega

• that is — (=ie) es decir...

• that's it, we've finished — ya está, hemos terminado

they get their wages and that's it — tienen un sueldo y eso es todo

that's it! she can find her own gardener! — ¡se acabó! ¡que se busque un jardinero por su cuenta!

• that of — el/la de

a hurricane like that of 1987 — un huracán como el de 1987

a recession like that of 1973-74 — una recesión como la de 1973-1974

• that is to say — es decir...

• why worry about that which may never happen? — frm ¿por qué preocuparse por aquello que or por lo que puede que nunca vaya a pasar?

• with that — con eso

- that's that: you can't go and that's that

- so that was that

3. RELATIVE PRONOUN
Unlike that, the Spanish relative cannot be omitted.
1) que

the man that came in — el hombre que entró

the book that I read — el libro que leí

the houses that I painted — las casas que pinté

the girl that he met on holiday and later married — la chica que conoció durante las vacaciones y con la que después se casó

all that I have — todo lo que tengo

fool that I am! — ¡tonto que soy!

2) (with preposition)
If the that clause ends in a preposition, you can either translate that as que (usually preceded by the definite article) or as article + cual/cuales. Use the second option particularly in formal language or after long prepositions or prepositional phrases:
the actor that I was telling you about — el actor del que te hablaba

the car that she got into — el coche al que se subió

the film that I read about in the papers — la película sobre la que leí en el periódico

the box that I put it in — la caja donde lo puse, la caja en la que or en la cual lo puse

a planet that satellites go round — un planeta alrededor del cual giran satélites

3) (in expressions of time)

the evening that we went to the theatre — la tarde (en) que fuimos al teatro

the summer that it was so hot — el verano que hizo tanto calor

4. ADVERB

1) (=so) tan

that far — tan lejos

he can't be that clever — no puede ser tan inteligente

I didn't know he was that ill — no sabía que estuviera tan enfermo

it's about that big — (with gesture) es más o menos así de grande

• cheer up! it isn't that bad — ¡ánimo! ¡no es para tanto!

• that many frogs — tantas ranas

• that much money — tanto dinero

2) * (=so very) tan

he was that wild — estaba tan furioso

it was that cold! — ¡hacía tanto frío!

5. CONJUNCTION
Unlike that, que cannot be omitted.
1) after verb que

he said that... — dijo que...

he said that he was going to London and would be back in the evening — dijo que se iba a Londres y (que) volvería por la tarde

I believe that he exists — creo que existe

2) after noun
Translate as de que in phrases like the idea/belief/hope that:

• any hope that they might have survived was fading — toda esperanza de que hubiesen sobrevivido se estaba desvaneciendo

• the idea that we can profit from their labour — la idea de que podemos aprovecharnos de su trabajo

•..., not that I want to, of course —..., no es que yo quiera, por supuesto

• oh that we could! — ¡ojalá pudiéramos!, ¡ojalá!

3) 'that' clause as subject
If the that clause is the subject of another verb it is usual to translate that as el que rather than que especially if it starts the sentence:
that he did not know surprised me — (el) que no lo supiera me extrañó, me extrañó (el) que no lo supiera
In these cases the verb which follows will be in the subjunctive:
that he refuses is natural — (el) que rehúse es natural

that he should behave like this is incredible — (el) que se comporte así es increíble, es increíble que se comporte así
would
4) (=in order that) para que + subjun

it was done (so) that he might sleep — se hizo para que pudiera dormir

those who fought and died that we might live — los que lucharon y murieron para que nosotros pudiésemos vivir

5)

• in that — en el sentido de que

it's an attractive investment in that it is tax-free — es una inversión atractiva en el sentido de que está exenta de impuestos

* * *

I [ðæt]
pronoun

1) (pl those) ( demonstrative) ése, ésa; (neuter) eso

those — ésos, ésas; (to refer to something more distant, to the remote past) aquél, aquélla; (neuter) aquello

those — aquéllos, aquéllas [According to the Real Academia Española the accent can be omitted when there is no ambiguity]

what's that? — ¿qué es eso?

who's that over there? — quién es ése/ésa?

those are $20 and those over there $21.50 — ésos cuestan 20 dólares y aquéllos de allá 21,50

that's why she never went back — por eso nunca volvió

who's that, please? — ( on telephone) ¿con quién hablo, por favor?

that's impossible/wonderful! — es imposible/maravilloso!

those who have been less fortunate — los que no han tenido tanta suerte

is that so? — no me digas!, ¿ah, sí?

don't talk like that! — no hables así!, no digas eso!

eat it up now, that's a good girl! — vamos, cómetelo todo así me gusta!

come on, it's not as bad as all that — vamos, que no es para tanto

2) (in phrases)

at that — ( moreover) además; ( thereupon)

at that they all burst out laughing — al oír (or ver etc) eso, todos se echaron a reír

for all that — por eso

he has enormous power and wealth, but is still unhappy for all that — tiene mucho poder y muchas riquezas, pero aún así es infeliz

that is: we're all going, all the adults, that is vamos todos, es decir, todos los adultos; you're welcome to come along, that is, if you'd like to encantados de que vengas, siempre que quieras venir, claro; that's it!: that's it for today eso es todo por hoy; is that it? - no, there's another bag to come ¿ya está? - no, todavía falta otra bolsa; now lift your left arm: that's it! ahora levanta el brazo izquierdo eso es! or ahí está!; that's it: I've had enough! se acabó! ya no aguanto más!; that's that: you're not going and that's that! — no vas y no hay más que hablar or y se acabó

3) [ðət], strong form [ðæt] ( relative) que

a voice that reminded him of somebody — una voz que le recordaba a alguien

it wasn't Helen (that) you saw — no fue a Helen a quien viste, no fue a Helen que viste (AmL)

the reason (that) she resigned — el motivo por el que dimitió

the way (that) he spoke — la forma en que habló

II [ðæt]
adjective (pl those) ese, esa

those — esos, esas; (to refer to something more distant, to the remote past) aquel, aquella

those — aquellos, aquellas

do you know that boy/girl? — ¿conoces a ese chico/esa chica?

those two records — esos dos discos

I prefer that one — prefiero ése/ésa

I like those yellow ones — me gustan ésos amarillos

in those days — en aquellos tiempos

it's been one of those days — ha sido uno de esos días en que todo sale mal

III [ðət], strong form [ðæt]
conjunction que

she said (that)... — dijo que...

the news that our team had won — la noticia de que nuestro equipo había ganado

I'm glad (that) you're here — me alegro de que estés aquí

she talks so fast that I can't understand — habla tan rápido que no le entiendo

it's not that I mind what he does but... — no es que me importe lo que hace, pero...

they died that others might live — (liter) murieron para que otros pudieran vivir

IV [ðæt]
adverb tan

ten thirty? that late already? — ¿las diez y media? ¿ya es tan tarde?

I'm not that interested, really — la verdad es que no me interesa tanto

she can't be all that stupid — no es posible que sea tan tonta

English-spanish dictionary > that

18 σῴζω

σῴζω, with ι wherever ζ follows ω, as σῴζω, EM741.27, and so (written σωιζ-) in Inscrr. and Papyri down to iii B.C., e.g. IG12.625.4, 22.687.35, 1611.378, Isyll.75 (lapis), PCair.Zen.482.17, 532.23 (iii B.C.), Test.Epict. 1.6 (iii/ii B.C.), ([etym.] ἀνα-) IG22.492.13, also in cod. Laur. of S.El. 993, al., but otherwise without it, e.g.

A ἔσωσε IG9(2).257.11
(Thess., v B.C.); but Didym. (and many Hellenistic and later Inscrr. and Papyri) rejected the ι everywhere, v. EMl.c., and on the other hand Inscrr. show σῳς- (always written σωις- ) from v B.C., ἔσῳσεν IG12.1085.5
, 22.1236.6, συνδιασῴσαντες GDI1612.9
(Dyme, iii B.C.), σῴσαι ([ per.] 3sg. opt.) IG5(2).357.152 (Stymphalus, iii B.C.), διέσῳσαν OGI56.18
(Canopus, iii B.C.), cf. PPetr.3p.72 (iii B.C.); σοζ[, i.e. σωζ[, occurs in IG12.590: [tense] fut. σώσω S.Ph. 1391
, Th.1.137, etc.; early [dialect] Att. σωῶ IG12.188.30
: [tense] pf. σέσωκα, also σέσῳκα, v. ἀνασῴζω:— [voice] Med., [tense] fut. σώσομαι E.Ba. 793
, ([etym.] ἐκ-) A.Pers. 360, ([etym.] δια-) X.Cyr.4.2.28: [tense] aor. ἐσωσάμην Ar.Ec. 402
:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. σωθήσομαι Th.5.111
, Ar.Nu.77, Hp.Prog.1, etc.: [tense] aor. ἐσώθην Th.1.110
, al., SIG167.37 (Mylasa, iv B.C. ) ( ἐσώσθην only in Hsch.): [tense] pf. σέσωσμαι A.Th.
[ 821 ( 820) ], σέσωσται E.IT 607
, D.56.33, σεσώσμεθα S.Tr.83
, etc.; but σέσωται Pl.Criti. 109d
, cf. 110a, σεσωμένος PCair.Zen.331.8
(iii B.C.); said to be [dialect] Att. by Phot.; διασεσῳμένους is found in IG22.435.11 (after 336 B.C.) and διασεσῳμένοι in PCair.Zen.240.11 (iii B.C.); later σέσῳσται IG12(7).386.25
(Amorgos, iii B.C.).--The foll. forms are found in Hom. and dialects,

1 [tense] pres. part. σώζων Od.5.490
; [ per.] 3sg. ind. or opt. σώζει ([etym.] - οι) Hes.Op. 376 (v.l. for εἴη): [tense] pres. part. [voice] Pass. σωζόμενοι ([etym.] - ομένοισι) Thgn.68, 235 (s.v.l.).

2 from [full] σᾰόω, [ per.] 3sg. σαοῖ Thgn. 868
, Call.Del.22, etc.; [ per.] 3pl. σαοῦσι Tyrt.11.13
; [ per.] 2sg. imper. σάου h.Hom.13.3
, Call.Epigr.35 (as v.l.), etc.: [tense] fut. σαώσω Il.10.44
: [tense] aor. ἐσάωσα 21.611
, Pi.Fr. 231: [tense] aor. inf. [voice] Pass. σαωθῆναι Il.15.503
, Od.10.473; imper. σαωθήτω Il.17.228
; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl. ἐσάωθεν Od.3.185
: [tense] fut. [voice] Med. σαώσομαι 21.309
.

3 from [full] σάωμι, [dialect] Aeol. [ per.] 2sg. σάως Alc.73
(fort. σάῳς); [ per.] 2sg. imper. σάω Od.13.230
, 17.595, Call. l.c., etc.: σάω as [ per.] 3sg.[tense] impf., Il.16.363, 21.238.

4 from [full] σώω, part. σώοντες Od.9.430
; [dialect] Ion. [tense] impf. σώεσκον Il.8.363
; σώετε, σώεσθαι, A.R.4.197, 2.610.

5 from [full] σόω, subj. σόῃς, -ῃ, -ωσι, Il.9.681, 424, 393 vulg., where Tyrannio ap.Hdn.Gr.2.66 reads σοῷς, σοῷ, σοῶσι; in 9.681 Aristarch. read both σαῷς and σοῷς; the forms σοῷς, σοῷ perh. arise from σαόω, by contraction and 'distraction': but σόωσι from σώωσι acc. to Hdn.Gr.l.c.; Hsch. cites also σόεις, σοῦται as = σώζεις, σώζεται.

6 [dialect] Lacon. [full] σωάδδει· παρατηρεῖ, Hsch.: but also [suff] σχολι-σοΐδδω, [tense] aor. ἀπέσοιξεν· ἀπέσωσεν, Λάκωνες, Id.

7 σωννύω, Dinol.5:—save, keep,

1 of persons, save from death, keep alive, σώοντες ἑταίρους Od.9.430
; ζωοὺς σάω Il.21.238
; ὄτ' ἄσφ' ἀπολλυμένοις σάως Alc.73
, cf. Th.1.91, X.An.3.1.38; πόδες καὶ γοῦνα σ. τινά Il.21.611
; νὺξ στρατὸν ς. 9.78; spare, Od.22.357:—[voice] Pass., to be saved, kept alive, preserved, opp. ἀπολέσθαι, Il.15.503, Od.3.185, etc.; ἀγαπητῶς σεσωσμένους Lys.16.16
; keep a whole skin, escape destruction, οἱ σωθησόμενοι Pl.Tht. 176d
; so in [tense] pres. σωζόμενος, Thgn.68, 235 (s.v.l.); to be healed, recover from sickness, Hp.Coac. 136, Is.1.10 (dub. l.); ὑγιαίνοντες καὶ σωζόμενοι IG22.1028.89
(i B.C.); σώζεο, as a wish, God bless you, farewell, Call.Del. 150, AP5.240 (Paul. Sil.), 9.372; σώζοισθε ib.171 (Pall.); also, save oneself, escape, σώθητι Pl.Cri. 44b
; μόγις or μόλις σῴζεσθαι escape with difficulty, Id.Ep. 332c, D.S.2.48, etc.; χαλεπῶς ς. Thgn.675.

b esp. in NT, of God or Christ, 1 Ep.Cor.1.21, etc.; σ. τὸ ἀπολωλός Ev.Luc.19.10
; σ. τὸν κόσμον Ev.Jo.12.47
:—freq. in [voice] Pass., to be saved or in a state of salvation, Ev.Matt.19.25, etc.; οἱ σῳζόμενοι Ev.Luc.13.23
, Act.Ap.2.47.

2 of things, keep safe, preserve, rare in Hom., σάω μὲν ταῦτα, σάω δ' ἐμέ Od.13.230
; σπέρμα πυρὸς σώζων 5.490
; πόλιν καὶ ἄστυ ς. Il.17.144; σαώσει Ἀργείους καὶ νῆας 10.44
, cf. 9.230: freq. in Trag. and [dialect] Att., σ. φάρμακον S.Tr. 686
; τὰ τόξα Id.Ph. 766
; τὰ σκεύη, παῖδας οἶκον χρήματα, καρπούς, Ar. Pax 730 (anap.), Av. 380 (troch.), 1062 (lyr.); τὰ πατρῷα, τὰ ὑπάρχοντα, Id.Th. 820 (lyr.), Th.1.70; σ. πόλιν preserve the city or the state, Hdt.8.34, A. Th. 749 (lyr.), S.Ant. 1058, Pl.R. 417a, cf. Grg. 512b, etc.; τὰ πράγματα Th.1.74
; τὴν Ἑλλάδα Ar.Lys. 525
(lyr.); τὰς πολιτείας, τὴν δημοκρατίαν, etc., Arist.Pol. 1309b15,36; τόνδε γὰρ [λόγον] σῴζων keeping it secret, A.Pr. 524, cf. S.OC 1530; σ. καιρόν save or recover an opportunity, D.19.6, cf. 23.4:—[voice] Med., keep or preserve for oneself, τὴν εὐλάβειαν S.El. 993
, cf. E.Alc. 146, etc.; αὐτὸς αὑτῷ σ. τι Ar.Ec. 402
, cf.Eq. 1017 (hex.):—[voice] Pass., τὸ ἄπραγμον οὐ σῴζεται is not secure, Th.2.63; ἡ.. πόλις οὐκ ἂν ἐσῴζετο; Ar.Ec. 219; to be preserved or extant, of books, Longin. ap. Porph.Plot.20, Gal.15.705, D.C.70.2.

3 keep, observe, maintain laws, etc., σ. ἐφετμάς A.Eu. 241
; τὸν παρόντα νοῦν Id.Pr. 394
; τοὺς καθεστῶτας νόμους S.Ant. 1114
, cf. Arist.VV 1250b17; τοὺς σοὺς λόγους E.Hel. 1552
; τὸ μόρσιμον ib. 613; τὰ πρὸς τοὺς κατοίκους δίκαια BGU562.19
(ii A.D.); confirm, τὸ τοῦ ποιήσαντος Arist.Mu. 400b24
, cf. Antig.Mir.45 ([voice] Pass.); πρὸς τὸ τὰ φαινόμενα σῴζειν to retain the observed facts, Procl.Hyp.5.10; κατὰ ποσὸν σῴζει τὴν πρὸς τὸ μῶλυ ἐμφέρειαν retains, i.e. does not lack, a certain resemblance to.., Dsc.3.46, cf. 98, Sor.Fasc.8:—[voice] Pass., to be maintained, τοῦ μήκους σῳζομένου Arist.Mete. 386a2
; ἐφ' ᾧ τοῖς θεοῖς τὰ ἱερὰ σωθήσεσθαι PHib.1.77.7
(iii B.C.).

4 keep in mind, remember, E.Hel. 266, Pl. R. 486c: more freq. in [voice] Med., παρῆκα θεσμῶν οὐδέν, ἀλλ' ἐσῳζόμην.. ὅπως δύσνιπτον ἐκ δέλτου γραφήν S.Tr. 682
, cf. El. 1257; μηδ' ἂ ἔμαθε σῴζοιτο Pl.R. 455b
; in full, μνήμην σῴζομαι στρατεύματος E.IA 302
(lyr.), cf. Pl.Grg. 501a, Tht. 163d.

II Constr.:

1 simply c. acc., v. supr.

2 with a sense of motion to a place, bring one safe to, τὸν δ' ἐσάωσεν ἐς ποταμοῦ προχοάς Od.5.452
; ἐς ὅμιλον Il.19.401
; πόλινδε 5.224
, etc.; ἐς οἴκους S.Ph. 311
; εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τὴν ἐπουράνιον 2 Ep.Ti.4.18
:—[voice] Pass., come safe to a place, σωθέντος ἐμεῦ ὀπίσω ἐς οἶκον Hdt.4.97
, cf. 9.104; πρὸς ἤπειρον σεσῶσθαι A.Pers. 737
; δεῦρο E.Ph. 725
; οἴκαδε X.HG1.6.7
; σῴζεσθαι ἐπὶ τὴν ὑμετέρην [χώρην] Hdt.5.98; ἐς δόμους σωθέντ' S.Tr. 611
; σωθῶμεν ἐπὶ θάλατταν X.An. 6.5.20
: c. dat. pers., μόλις ὔμμιν ἐσώθην Theoc.15.4
.

3 σ. τινὰ ἐκ φλοίσβοιο, ἐκ πολέμου, carry off safe, rescue from.., Il.5.469, 11.752; ἐκ ποταμοῖο 21.274
; ἐκ θανάτοιο Od.4.753
; ἐκ πολλῶν πόνων S.El. 1356
; ἀπὸ στρατείας A.Ag. 603
; διὰ δεινῶν πραγμάτων σεσωσμένοι X. An.5.5.8
: c. gen., σώσας ἐχθρῶν χθόνα having rescued it from them, S.Ant. 1162; σῶσαί τινα κακοῦ Id.Ph. 919
; σεαυτὸν νούσου Ath.Mitt. 56.124
([place name] Smyrna); σωθῆναι κακῶν E.Or. 779
.--Both constructions may be combined, σ. τινὰ ἐκ πολέμοιο νῆας ἔπι Il.17.452
; ἐκ π. μετὰ νῆας 12.123
; ἐξ Αἰγίνης δεῦρο Pl.Grg. 511d
.

4 c. acc. et dat. pers., save for another, υἷά τινι Od.4.765
; ἡμῖν τὸν βίον Pl.Prt. 356e
, etc.:— [voice] Pass., σῴζεταί τί τινι Ar. Pax 1022
, X.An.7.7.56.

5 c. inf., [σπονδαὶ] αἵ σε σῴζουσιν θανεῖν which save thee from dying, E.Ph. 600 (troch.).

6 c. part., σῴζεσθαι φεύγοντες by flight, X.Cyr.3.3.51.

7 abs., τὰ σώσοντα what is likely to save, D.6.5; ἡ σῴζουσα [ψῆφος] Luc.Harm.3.

b σώζων, ὁ, Saviour, of a god, JRS14.28 ([place name] Iconium); epith. of Apollo, CR19.368 ([place name] Sizma).

c σῴζουσα, ἡ, = ἀρτεμισία, Ps.-Dsc.3.113.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > σῴζω

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